Tuesday, November 26, 2019
Free Essays on The Media And Campaigns
The Media and Campaigns In the United States of America, there exist few things more capricious than election campaigns. Although the age to register to vote is 18, that certainly does not prohibit Americans of any age with a television in their home from exposure to the world of politics. As a child it could be the commercial intervals between your after school cartoons, advocating positively or negatively in behalf of a candidate. As an adult this same political exposure comes not only through the nightly news on television, but other facets such as talk radio, magazines, or newspapers. The questions that come to mind are: How do we as registered voters, determine who is telling the truth, and which approach to this political advertising is the most politically correct? In chapter three of Political Parties, Campaigns, and Elections, there are three separate articles that adumbrate the dynamic that exists between the media and political campaigns. After reading these three articles and additional r esources I have gathered on the subject, it is fair to say that the general consensus in America is a distrust in politicians. With a veil of distrust towards politicians lingering over society, what avenues are available to the general public in obtaining accurate unbiased information on the candidates running for office? It is fair to say that the majority of America lacks the personal funding and availability to accompany candidates firsthand on the campaign trail. As a result we are left to watch or read in the comfort of our own homes, the interpretations of each candidate and their campaign from the journalists that follow them. The opinion I have derived from my research, is that the media in general leaves us with a skewed and inevitably biased outline of who is running for office, resulting mainly from the partisan views of the organization covering the candidate. At what point did the focus of political campaigning ... Free Essays on The Media And Campaigns Free Essays on The Media And Campaigns The Media and Campaigns In the United States of America, there exist few things more capricious than election campaigns. Although the age to register to vote is 18, that certainly does not prohibit Americans of any age with a television in their home from exposure to the world of politics. As a child it could be the commercial intervals between your after school cartoons, advocating positively or negatively in behalf of a candidate. As an adult this same political exposure comes not only through the nightly news on television, but other facets such as talk radio, magazines, or newspapers. The questions that come to mind are: How do we as registered voters, determine who is telling the truth, and which approach to this political advertising is the most politically correct? In chapter three of Political Parties, Campaigns, and Elections, there are three separate articles that adumbrate the dynamic that exists between the media and political campaigns. After reading these three articles and additional r esources I have gathered on the subject, it is fair to say that the general consensus in America is a distrust in politicians. With a veil of distrust towards politicians lingering over society, what avenues are available to the general public in obtaining accurate unbiased information on the candidates running for office? It is fair to say that the majority of America lacks the personal funding and availability to accompany candidates firsthand on the campaign trail. As a result we are left to watch or read in the comfort of our own homes, the interpretations of each candidate and their campaign from the journalists that follow them. The opinion I have derived from my research, is that the media in general leaves us with a skewed and inevitably biased outline of who is running for office, resulting mainly from the partisan views of the organization covering the candidate. At what point did the focus of political campaigning ...
Saturday, November 23, 2019
7 British English Writing Resources
7 British English Writing Resources 7 British English Writing Resources 7 British English Writing Resources By Mark Nichol This site is intended primarily for writers of American English, though much of the information is also applicable to people who write English in the United Kingdom and other parts of the world. However, I recently received a request for recommendations about writing and editing guides that focus on British English. Here are seven authoritative volumes, all originating at either of Englandââ¬â¢s two most renowned universities, to help them. 1. Butcherââ¬â¢s Copy-editing: The Cambridge Handbook for Editors, Copy-editors, and Proofreaders As the title and subtitle indicate, this volume is directed more toward the editorial process than the writing stage, with guidance about production issues, including dealing with technology. 2. Cambridge Grammar of English: A Comprehensive Guide Oxford University, which owns the rest of this list, has an equivalent book, Oxford Modern English Grammar. Both texts emphasize descriptive, not prescriptive, grammar and include some discussions of American English 3. New Hartââ¬â¢s Rules: The Handbook of Style for Writers and Editors The British English equivalent of The Chicago Manual of Style is the preeminent resource for resolving style issues such as hyphenation and punctuation, formatting for bibliographies, indexes, and notes, and usage (both British English and American English). 4. New Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors: The Essential Aââ¬âZ Guide to the Written Word This usage handbook has extended entries for many words, including proper nouns, and provides guidance about spelling, capitalization, and hyphenation and information about cultural or historical significance. 5. New Oxford Spelling Dictionary: The Writersââ¬â¢ and Editorsââ¬â¢ Guide to Spelling and Word Division This companion to the volume mentioned in the previous item is a simple spelling and word-break guide. 6. New Oxford Style Manual This volume is a compilation of New Hartââ¬â¢s Rules and the New Oxford Dictionary for Writers and Editors 7. Oxford A-Z of Grammar and Punctuation This alphabetically organized guide discusses parts of speech and particular words, including questions of usage. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Book Reviews category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:4 Types of Gerunds and Gerund Phrases11 Writing Exercises to Inspire You and Strengthen Your WritingHow to Send Tactful Emails from a Technical Support Desk
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Arrgumeant shows that text book (printed book) is better than Essay
Arrgumeant shows that text book (printed book) is better than E-books(elctronic books) - Essay Example Despite the effectiveness of technology in producing e-books, there is still the need to have textbooks available and to offer even more solutions for those that are looking at enjoying and getting the most out of a reading experience. The beginning of e-books began to emerge as a movement outside of regular books and textbooks to create easier portals for learning. The technology which was developed was based on achieving a variety of goals for students and those who enjoyed reading. The first was to create an easy to use platform in which materials and books were available through an Internet portal or computer. This would help with easier access for the information that individuals were interested in reading. This followed with the use of technology to stop the high amounts of cost and paper used with books and the problems which this presented. The e-books also held the goal of having easier access to large amounts of information without the restrictions of space that stores and libraries often had with printed materials. With this, more materials were readily available for a larger audience. The combination of e-books with regular books quickly became a popular solution to answer some of the disadvantages of print and to combine technology with the new scopes needed for reading of materials. Despite these advantages, the integration was not able to create the necessary scope in technology for the e-books used (Soules, 7). The first downfall of e-books comes with the response which occurs from those who are reading or using books in different settings. According to a recent study (Gregory, 266), students have a negative reaction to e-books that are available. The problems with the books ranged from difficulty in reading the materials to straining the eyes to try to read the information through an online area or computer. While most use e-books if there isnââ¬â¢t an option, most find that it is easier and more applicable to use traditional reading materia ls for the right experience. The ease of use not only included easier options to read but also allowed students to easily find their place in a book, highlight materials and to apply a sense of interaction with the reading materials while using the physical book as opposed to the e-books which were available (Gregory, 266). The attitudes and behaviors that are a part of the e-books are furthered with a variety of opinions that occur from students and others which are using the e-books as opposed to regular books. The e-books in most locations not only have basic flaws with the ability to read and apply the materials. Most have negative attitudes and behaviors to the books because of other dislikes with the technology. In another recent study (Shelburne, 59), it was found that students as well as certain groups of individuals had a negative attitude to e-books. This was because the services were not able to provide accurate print and readings of the books and didnââ¬â¢t offer need ed options for ease of reading. Many of the e-books came from scanned in pages or were inaccessible to read while online. The failure of technology to print the right level of materials then created attitudes and behaviors that were not in favor of e-books because of the lack of efficient technological use that continues to be used with the e-books which are available (Shelburne, 59). The question which then has arisen with e-books is based on the usability that comes with the technology that has been incorporated into the e-books. Not only are the
Tuesday, November 19, 2019
Child Protection Level Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words
Child Protection Level - Essay Example Majority of the present health care professionals in Britain have level one and two training, but they lack level three training. The absence of level three training prevent the healthcare professionals from either identifying the child abuse or reporting it to the appropriate bodies and put procedures into place to stop it. Ã Lack of training and training facilities and the negligence seem to be the major reason for the mishaps in British healthcare system. Even though most of the healthcare professionals have level 1 & 2 training, at least some of the healthcare professionals have not completed the much-needed level 3 training for giving proper care to the children. Ã In the baby P case, the social workers failed to identify or report the child abuse even though they visited the family of baby P around 60 times. Moreover, they failed to identify the criminal history of the family also. In other words, these social workers have not given much emphasized to their profession; they did everything mechanically. Most of the healthcare professionals in Britain may not have the passion for this profession. They are engaged in working in the healthcare industry just for finding a livelihood rather than any social commitments. Ã The most important solution for improving the standards of child healthcare system in Britain is to make the level 3 training compulsory for all the healthcare professionals and the social workers. Most of the hospital groups in Britain at present urge only the specialized staff to go for the level three training. Plymouth Hospitals have already admitted that most of their staffs are trained in level one and two whereas only a few got the level three training.
Sunday, November 17, 2019
Animal Symmetry Essay Example for Free
Animal Symmetry Essay 1. Animals with radial symmetry function differently than animals with bilateral symmetry. Unlike animals with bilateral symmetry, these organisms use their appendages, usually tentacles, to bring in food to its mouth, which is located at its center. Also, animals with radial symmetry have less complicated systems than animals with bilateral symmetry. The radial symmetry body plan involves appendages radiating out from the center of the organism, this means that most systems are not included in these animals. Since the radial symmetry body plan has little to no systems, this makes the animals less intelligent than the bilateral symmetry body plan. This means animals with radial symmetry cannot react as well as other animals. This also means the organism cannot, see, taste, smell, or think as well, as bilateral symmetry animals. Due to this disability, any animal that follows this body plan has adapted to be able to react without these senses. Though this makes it harder for the animal to function, by using a different life style it can survive. The cnidarian eats by pulling food in with its tentacles. This lack of senses means that the cnidarian relies on prey swimming into its tentacles. After eating, the waste then exists the way it entered, through the mouth. These animals have limited motion, relying mainly on currents to move, or not even moving at all. Cnidarians also reproduce fairly simply. When they reproduce asexually, they bud. This means that a new cnidarian grows off of an existing one. When they reproduce sexually, the female makes an abundance of eggs, and the male secretes sperm in the hope of fertilizing the eggs. That is the lifestyle of the cnidarian.
Thursday, November 14, 2019
Media Manipulation Exposed in George Orwells Shooting an Elephant Essa
Media Manipulation Exposed in George Orwell's ââ¬Å"Shooting an Elephantâ⬠The phrase ââ¬Å"the power of the pressâ⬠is used often, but what exactly is the power of the press? Since the beginning of news reporting, itââ¬â¢s been known that what actually gets into the news reports is monitored and carefully picked by higher authorities. What isnââ¬â¢t widely known, however, is that the media can use specific wording and phrases that, on the surface, look like normal news coverage, but are actually a technique of the media to control the images people see and the words they hear and read. From this, people then form their ideals, but are these actually ideals of those people if the media from which they based them off of was controlled to begin with? It is the power of the press to control and manipulate the publicââ¬â¢s ideals by what is released in the media. In childhood, itââ¬â¢s evident from the start that the parents are the ones who hold the power. As the child grows and develops, the parents show him that they are in control by correcting the things he does wrong and by making it clear that they know more than he does about life. Until the child is old enough to create his own ideals of what is right and what is wrong, the parents shape his ideals for him. As the child grows older, however, the parents relinquish this hold on him and allow him to form his own ideals of the world around him. But as he ventures out in the world, is he actually forming his own ideals, or is he still being shaped by an even larger, more powerful source? In George Orwellââ¬â¢s Shooting an Elephant, Orwell suggests just that; one can form his own ideals, but they will either be changed by the media (symbolized in his essay by the Burmese natives) or constructed from... ...d and has left them with only the ideals which the press wanted them to have in the first place. The power of the press is not to share the truth about everything; it is the power to control what everyone thinks about everything. Works Cited Crocker, Brandon. ââ¬Å"What Really Matters.â⬠The American Spectator. 11 May 2004. Farah, May. Rev. of About Baghdad, pro. Sinan Antoon. The Daily Star. 30 June 2004. Franklin, H. Bruce. ââ¬Å"From Realism to Virtual Reality: Images of Americaââ¬â¢s Wars.â⬠The Brief Arlington Reader. Ed. Nancy Perry. Boston: Bedford/St. Martinââ¬â¢s, 2004. 384-400. Murphy, Maureen Clare. Rev. of Peace, Propaganda, and the Promised Land, dir. Bathsheba Ratzkoff & Sut Jhally. The Electronic Intifada 26 March 2004. Orwell, George. ââ¬Å"Shooting an Elephant.â⬠The Brief Arlington Reader. Ed. Nancy Perry. Boston: Bedford/St. Martinââ¬â¢s, 2004. 334-339. Media Manipulation Exposed in George Orwell's Shooting an Elephant Essa Media Manipulation Exposed in George Orwell's ââ¬Å"Shooting an Elephantâ⬠The phrase ââ¬Å"the power of the pressâ⬠is used often, but what exactly is the power of the press? Since the beginning of news reporting, itââ¬â¢s been known that what actually gets into the news reports is monitored and carefully picked by higher authorities. What isnââ¬â¢t widely known, however, is that the media can use specific wording and phrases that, on the surface, look like normal news coverage, but are actually a technique of the media to control the images people see and the words they hear and read. From this, people then form their ideals, but are these actually ideals of those people if the media from which they based them off of was controlled to begin with? It is the power of the press to control and manipulate the publicââ¬â¢s ideals by what is released in the media. In childhood, itââ¬â¢s evident from the start that the parents are the ones who hold the power. As the child grows and develops, the parents show him that they are in control by correcting the things he does wrong and by making it clear that they know more than he does about life. Until the child is old enough to create his own ideals of what is right and what is wrong, the parents shape his ideals for him. As the child grows older, however, the parents relinquish this hold on him and allow him to form his own ideals of the world around him. But as he ventures out in the world, is he actually forming his own ideals, or is he still being shaped by an even larger, more powerful source? In George Orwellââ¬â¢s Shooting an Elephant, Orwell suggests just that; one can form his own ideals, but they will either be changed by the media (symbolized in his essay by the Burmese natives) or constructed from... ...d and has left them with only the ideals which the press wanted them to have in the first place. The power of the press is not to share the truth about everything; it is the power to control what everyone thinks about everything. Works Cited Crocker, Brandon. ââ¬Å"What Really Matters.â⬠The American Spectator. 11 May 2004. Farah, May. Rev. of About Baghdad, pro. Sinan Antoon. The Daily Star. 30 June 2004. Franklin, H. Bruce. ââ¬Å"From Realism to Virtual Reality: Images of Americaââ¬â¢s Wars.â⬠The Brief Arlington Reader. Ed. Nancy Perry. Boston: Bedford/St. Martinââ¬â¢s, 2004. 384-400. Murphy, Maureen Clare. Rev. of Peace, Propaganda, and the Promised Land, dir. Bathsheba Ratzkoff & Sut Jhally. The Electronic Intifada 26 March 2004. Orwell, George. ââ¬Å"Shooting an Elephant.â⬠The Brief Arlington Reader. Ed. Nancy Perry. Boston: Bedford/St. Martinââ¬â¢s, 2004. 334-339.
Tuesday, November 12, 2019
Compare Christopher Marlowe with Greg Smenda Essay
The passion for romance is something for human beings for thousands and thousands of years has never been changed, they always willing to give the best they have to their love, in order to move their hearts immediately. Both of the poem of ââ¬Å"The Passionate Shepherd to His Loveâ⬠and ââ¬Å"The Passionate Astronaut to His Loveâ⬠are showing the addressersââ¬â¢ patronal romance like others did. However, with the change of time setting, to scene can be so different. One is more classic and humanity and the other one is more modern and technical. CLASSIC AND HUMANITY Inâ⬠The Passionate Shepherd to His Loveâ⬠, the first line of the first stanza, the shepherd makes gently and directly calls to his love. The Shepherd invites his love to come with him and ââ¬Å"pleasures proveâ⬠(line 2.) This immediate reference to pleasure gives a mildly romantic tone to this poem. He implies that the entire landscape of the countryside of England ââ¬Å"Valleys, groves, hills and fields/Woods or steeply mountainsâ⬠will prove to contain pleasure of all kinds for the lovers. He use the beauty of nature to offer his love. Itââ¬â¢s a very common theme in pastoral poetry. The next stanza suggests that the lovers will take their entertainment not in a theatre or at a banquet, but sitting upon rocks or by rivers. The third, fourth, and fifth stanzas are a kind of list of the ââ¬Å"delightsâ⬠, mostly sartorial, that the Shepherd will make for his love. The list of the things he will make for his lady reveal a great deal about the situation of the ââ¬Å"Shepherdâ⬠and what he can offer his love. But in reality this increasingly fanciful list of gifts such as the gold buckles, the coral clasps, and the amber studs could only come from a member of the gentry, or a merchant in a town. The fantasy of bucolic paradise is entirely idealized. Incidentally, the plants mentioned (roses, flowers, and myrtle) are conventional horticultural expressions of romance. The rose, especially, was sacred to the goddess Venus (and it is how roses have come to symbolizeà romantic love in some modern Western cultures.) The image of the Shepherd as a member of the gentry becomes complete when, in the last stanza, it is said ââ¬Å"The shepherd swains shall dance and sing/ for thy delight each May-morning.â⬠The picture here is of other shepherds doing the speakerââ¬â¢s bidding. The poem ends with an ââ¬Å"ifâ⬠statement, and contains a slightly somber note. There is no guarantee that the lady will find these country enticements enough to follow the Shepherd, and since the construction of them is preposterous and fantastical to begin with, the reader is left with the very real possibility that the Shepherd will be disappointed. LINK PARAGRAPH Passionate Shepherd to His Love was appealing to a popular genre in Elizabethan England countryside. On reading on Greg Smendaââ¬â¢s parody of the poem, itââ¬â¢s obvious that he is appealing to a more modern reader. The timeline was in 1960s when space invention was popular. The intention of the two poems is very different. It mining the movement of desire. MODERN AND TECHNICAL. By looking at the title, reader can pick up easily itââ¬â¢s a parody. They both have the same structure of total six stanzas and four lines each. They also use similar words and phrases such as the first stanza starts with ââ¬ËCome live with me and be my mateââ¬â¢ similar words but Smenda used mate which sound less romantic than love. Both of them makes directly calls to their love. He invites his mate to come with him, but instead of ââ¬Ëpleasures proveââ¬â¢ itââ¬â¢s ââ¬Ëpleasure spateââ¬â¢ which gives a sense of horror instead of romance. He implies that the entire landscape of the moon which doesnââ¬â¢t sound particularly romantic, but he offer what he think is the best. Space is very popular topic at that time. The next stanza also suggest that the lovers will take their entertainment, but is sitting on lunar crust, beside some crater holes with engines humming which sounds awful. The third, fourth, and fifth stanzas are also kind of list of the ââ¬Ëdelightsââ¬â¢ that the Astronaut will make for his lady love, but they doesnââ¬â¢t make a great deal about the situation of the ââ¬ËAstronautââ¬â¢ and what he can offer to his love. A bed of plastic is easy to reach and doesnââ¬â¢t sound comfortable to sleep on. For an astronaut, a space suit is also easily available. In reality the gift he offered sounds good but they are not comparable than any sorts of treasures. The plastic, especially, was not aesthetically pleasing and doesnââ¬â¢t have the connection with romance at all. The image of the Astronaut becomes complete when, in the last stanza, it is said ââ¬ËThe astronaut colony shall for you singââ¬â¢ the picture here is also of other astronaut doing the speakerââ¬â¢s bidding. The poem is also end with an ââ¬Ëifââ¬â¢ statement, but add a very strong phrases with an exclamation mark at the very end, so the reader is left with a very positive feeling that the Astronaut will be accepted. CONCLUSION Even though these two poem are based on the same structure and same sense of emergent for inviting their love one, they have completely different feeling. Marloweââ¬â¢s poem can be described as classic and humanity, but Smendaââ¬â¢s poem can be described as modern and technical. So itââ¬â¢s clear that The Passionate Shepherd to His Love is more romantic than The Passionate Shepherd to His Love.
Sunday, November 10, 2019
Morality and Law
We begin this essay with a word about freedom- it is cherished by those who possess it and yearned for by those who have yet to experience it.à Nonetheless, freedom carries with it a high level of responsibility- perhaps not only to follow the letter of the law, but also to pursue oneââ¬â¢s freedom with some level of civility or morality.à Therein lies the paradox- where should the line, if any, be drawn between morality and law.à In this essay, several controversial topics which toe the line between legality and morality will be presented and discussed in the hopes of drawing some valid conclusions about this issue.DrugsIf it is safe to say that legally prescribed and utilized drugs are accepted by all but the most staunch of religious zealots, it is also safe to say that illegally prescribed drugs, street drugs and the abuse of any drug is considered immoral, but not by all.à In some parts of the world, certain drugs that would land someone in jail in other nations a re legally and socially accepted.à à This fact in itself brings to light an interesting perspective on the issue of morality and law- how closely related is law and morality?In the case of drugs, the relationship seems to be somewhat disjointed in some instances, because illegal drugs are quite literally one of the largest industries in the ââ¬Å"civilized worldâ⬠.à This can be interpreted as proof that everything that is illegal is not necessarily viewed as immoral as well as a clear example of the dynamic between the expression of freedom and the violation of the rights of others, for any freedom, if it harms innocent people through its exercise, needs to be reevaluated for the common good (Peach, 2002).AlcoholWhen speaking of alcohol, the very topic is in itself enigmatic; for all intents and purposes, alcohol can be classified as a drug because of its ability to alter the senses, distort perceptions, and attract the abuser into a spiral of addiction.à However, i t is considered by the vast majority of the world to be a legal drug, which is to say that it is legal for those of established age to buy, sell, and use alcohol.When left to oneââ¬â¢s own devices, the use, purchase or sale of alcohol can be illegal; for example, the operation of motor vehicles while under the influence of alcohol is illegal, as is the sale/purchase of it to/by underage or visibly impaired individuals. Additionally, any use of alcohol is considered morally wrong by many religious/ethical groups.à Therefore, in alcohol, we see the embodiment of the morality/legality argument- some things are legal in some cases, illegal in others, but also reviled in many circles in any circumstance (Peach, 2002).ProstitutionRegarded as the worldââ¬â¢s oldest profession, prostitution in one form or another has existed since there has been something of value for which one human being could offer sexual favors to another.à In the 21st century, we see a world where prostitut ion is legal in some nations/parts of nations, and illegal in others.à In the nations where it is legal, it would be assumed that this is so due to the moral tolerance of the masses to allow such a practice.à In a nation like the United States, where very few states allow prostitution, a moral divide exists between advocates and opponents.à Therefore, an interesting point emerges- the possibility that in many cases, societal norms dictate the letter of the law.à When the majority opposes or supports something, or takes no action either way, laws, it can be said, reflect the will of the majority itself (Peach, 2002). Pornography Pornography is yet another illustration of the will of the people to dictate the law, but with a twist- very few people publicly support pornography as something which is good for the general society, yet it is allowed to exist as something legal in many jurisdictions as long as certain universal rules are not violated, such as the use of children in pornography, abuse of innocent victims, etc.In this instance, it is likely that the tolerance of pornography as something legal, yet immoral has as much to do with the pursuit of money on the part of those who benefit financially from pornography as it does with the prurient interests of the public at large.à People who wish to have something immoral because they like it are often times more prone to ignore the bigger picture of the detriment to society that something like pornography represents. Domestic ViolenceViolence against oneââ¬â¢s own family members is illegal/immoral in some societies, and not in others- why is this so?à The main reason is associated with religious beliefs.à In theocratic nations, where religious leaders dictate policy and law, there are those cases where the abuse of a wife by a husband, for example, is tolerated if the husband feels it necessary, whereas the abuse of children is almost universally reviled (Peach, 2002).à An interesting point emerges in this situation- the power of morality in some cases to shape the word of law.ConclusionIn this essay, we have seen that morality and law are in some cases exclusive of each other, related in others.à Still further, each of these in some situations can overpower the other due to societal norms, religion, etc.à Whatever the case, in conclusion, one point has become abundantly clear based upon this research- morality cannot always be legislated, nor will morality always make the best laws.à Perhaps the issue of freedom, which began the essay, is a fitting final word- without freedom, the human race suffers, but with it, suffering can also become rampant.à It is the responsibility of the people of the world to exercise freedom-with restraint.ReferencesPeach, L. (2002). Legislating Morality: Pluralism and Religious Identity in Lawmaking. NewYork: Oxford University Press.
Thursday, November 7, 2019
Chemical Composition of Black Powder or Gunpowder
Chemical Composition of Black Powder or Gunpowder Black powder is the name given to the earliest known chemical explosive. It is used as a blasting powder and a propellant for firearms, rockets, and fireworks. The composition of black powder or gunpowder is not set. In fact, several different compositions have been used throughout history. Heres a look at some of the most notable or common compositions, plus the composition of modern black powder. Black Powder Basics Theres nothing complicated about the formulation of black powder. It consists of charcoal (carbon), saltpeter (potassium nitrate or sometimes sodium nitrate), and sulfur. Charcoal and sulfur act as the fuel for the explosion, while saltpeter acts as an oxidizer. Sulfur also lowers the ignition temperature, which increases the combustion rate. Charcoal is used instead of pure carbon because it contains incompletely decomposed cellulose. It has a much lower autoignition temperature. Black powder made using pure carbon will ignite, but it wont explode. In commercial black powder preparation, potassium nitrate or another nitrate (e.g., sodium nitrate) usually is coated with graphite (a form of carbon). This helps prevent electrostatic charge build-up, reducing the chance a stray spark will prematurely ignite the mixture. Sometimes black powder is tumbled with graphite dust after it is mixed to coat the grains. In addition to reducing static, the graphite reduces moisture absorption, which could prevent gunpowder from igniting. Notable Black Powder Compositions Typical modern gunpowder consists of saltpeter, charcoal, and sulfur in a 6:1:1 or 6:1.2:0.8 ratio. Historically significant formulations have been calculated on a percentage basis: Formula Saltpeter Charcoal Sulfur Bishop Watson, 1781 75.0 15.0 10.0 British Government, 1635 75.0 12.5 12.5 Bruxelles studies, 1560 75.0 15.62 9.38 Whitehorne, 1560 50.0 33.3 16.6 Arderne lab, 1350 66.6 22.2 11.1 Roger Bacon, c. 1252 37.50 31.25 31.25 Marcus Graecus, 8th century 69.22 23.07 7.69 Marcus Graecus, 8th century 66.66 22.22 11.11 Source: The Chemistry of Gun Powder and Explosives
Tuesday, November 5, 2019
Writing Graduate School Entrance Essays
Writing Graduate School Entrance Essays If you are thinking about applying for graduate school, chances are you once applied (and were admitted) to undergraduate school. That being the case, Im certain you had to compose a personal statement to accompany your undergraduate application. Remember that? Wasnt it fun? No? Well, then youre out of luck. Because you have to repeat the process all over again with graduate school entrance essays. Lets face it: no one likes to write an entrance essay and/or personal statement composition for college admission. In addition to being personally revealing and creatively stifling, the things are just plain difficult to compose. Unfortunately, college admissions boards use these essays to separate the average from the above average applicants. So you might as well make the most of it. Graduate school application essays are, in my opinion, much easier to write than those for undergraduate school because youve already gone through the process once already. Heck, you might even want to locate and dust off your undergraduate statement for inspiration. After all, its not really plagiarism if youre copying from yourself. When writing your graduate school entrance essays, it helps to go easy on yourself. Allow for plenty of time and prepare for some frustration. In the end, your graduate school essay, whether its a nursing essay, a residency statement, or an MBA essay, is going to determine your future. So no pressure.
Sunday, November 3, 2019
U.K. Energy Sustainability Public Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words
U.K. Energy Sustainability Public Policy - Essay Example The intention of this study is Public Policy as a set of rules, or guides promulgated by governments to ensure that the branches of government all deal with issues in a similar, consistent manner, according to the laws and constitution of the particular country. Inevitably, public policy is not simply decided by an elected government: it is influenced and changed by pressure, or lobby groups, by organisations within the society or community, and by the public at large and its perceptions. While public policy can be confined to domestic policy and thought, the increasingly globalising world means that it is not only internal pressure which is brought to bear on government and their policy formulation, but also international trends and necessities. Thus, although this essay will focus on the Energy Policy of the UK Government, some consideration must necessarily be given to the influence that international trends in energy policy have on the UK. The Department of Energy and Climate Cha nge formulates public policy in this area and relies on two pieces of legislation: the Energy White Paper of 2007, and the Low carbon Transition Plan of July 2009. Four key policy goals were tabled in the 2007 paper: â⬠¢ The UK should be on a path to cut carbon dioxide emissions by 60%, and significant cuts should be evident by 2020; â⬠¢ The UK should ensure reliable energy supplies; â⬠¢ Competitive markets in the UK and internationally should be promoted, so that sustainable economic growth is possible, and productivity can improve;à and Every home in the UK should be adequately and affordably heated. Additional considerations are highlighted in the policy, among them the production, distribution and use of electricity, fuel used for transport, and heating. The longer-term intention is to contribute to the worldwide fight against climate change, and to ensure secure, clean and affordable energy for the UK itself. By 2008, the policy included emphasis on the energy ma rket, offshore gas and oil, and investment in nuclear power. Direct control of energy in the UK economy now does not lie with the government, after the liberalisation and nationalisation policies of the 1980s and 1990s, and while UK energy is recognised as being highly reliable in delivery to the population (Bowlby, 2011, website) there are a significant number of UK citizens in fuel poverty. Yet,
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