The Reform Of Progressive Era Brought - 936 Words

Not everyone welcomed the reforms that Progressive era brought. As people who believed in Constitution of United States is the best political charter yet created by mankind, â€Å"conserve† it and handed it down to the next generation as it is the best practice to guarantee the free exercise of the inherent rights of individual through strictly limiting the power of the government, Elihu Root, William Howard Taft and Henry Cabot Lodge, Sr., leading members of the Republican Party, faced challenging time during the Progressive era. They strove to â€Å"conserve† the core principles of the American constitutionalism from reformist of Progressivism. As people trust that our (Americans) liberties can remain secure only if government is so limited that it cannot infringe upon inherent rights, they resisted the Progressive ambitions for direct, unrestrained democracy and the resulting the attacks on the courts, representative government, and the traditional limits of the pres idency. Three men, mentioned above, understood and accepted the necessity of Progressive reforms, and new Amendments, although many people saw them as a big boulder blocking their way to Progressive. In fact, they didn’t try to The Sixteenth Amendment had widespread support, and they gave it theirs in part to end the bitter disputes about tariff schedules that had long divided the Republican Party. It is also worth noting that the first income tax passed under the Sixteenth Amendment had a top rate of 7 percent andShow MoreRelatedUnit 8 DBQ904 Words   |  4 PagesCameron  Richter   Period  0   Unit  8  DBQ   Prompt:  Evaluate  the  effectiveness  of  Progressive  Era  reformers  and  the  federal  government  in   bringing  about  reform  at  the  national  level.  In  your  answer  be  sure  to  analyze  the  successes  and   limitations  of  these  efforts  in  the  period  190 ­1920.      The  Progressive  movement  was  an  effort  to  cure  American  society  of  many  of  the  ill   ideals  that  had  developed  during  the  later  parts  of  the  19th  and  the  early  20th  centuries  because   of  the  growth  of  industry.  Although  great  cities  and  businesses  developedRead MoreThe Progressive Era And The New Deal1103 Words   |  5 Pages Despite existing during two different times in the history of the United States, it can be argued that the New Deal reforms reflected the reform traditions of the Progressive Era. When examining the New Deal, Progressive influence is evident based first off of the social and political issues addressed by reforms. Second, the reforms from the two times themselves are uncannily similar, again due to the focus on the same problems existing in the United States. In addition to this, the icing on theRead MoreProgressive Era And Liberal Era1382 Words   |  6 Pages DBQ Progressive Era Essay Many citizens throughout the Progressive Era believed no changes occurred in the society because the press did not write about the changes and the Woman’s Suffrage Movement did not change either. However, changes such as the government changing, both the labor and meat inspection reforms, and trusts reforms indeed brought about change, noticeable or not. Therefore, the Progressive era brought great social, political, and economic change by bettering the overall lives ofRead MoreThe During The Progressive Era989 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the Progressive Era, various groups responded to the political, social, and economic woes that resulted from the rapid industrialization and urbanization of America during the 19th Century. The mass immigration of foreigners and the northern migration of Africa-Americans led to urban overcrowding and competition for wage-paying jobs. Electric lighting allowed factories to expand the working hours and increase the output of manufactured goo ds. There was little regulation for employee welfareRead MoreProgressive Era Essay889 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Progressive Era and the New Deal. Rapid changes after the Civil War brought on a need for economic, social and political reforms. Before the Progressive Era and the New Deal, the federal government took a very hands-off approach and had little involvement in, and little care for the welfare of the American people. With the Progressive Era and the New Deal, the federal government became more involved and responsive to the public and implemented many revisions and reforms. The Progressive Era wasRead MoreThe Progressive Era Of The Gilded Age1455 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the progressive era there were many reform movements due to the abundance of political, social, and economical corruption in America in the gilded age as seen by political machines like William Marcy tweed and American financiers like J.P. Morgan. Some of the many issues that made themselves present i n the gilded age include the large wealth gap, child labor, women’s lack of rights, influx of immigrants, Urbanization, Indian wars, monopolists, political machines, and alcoholism. All ofRead MoreEssay on Womens Role in the Progressive Era612 Words   |  3 PagesBefore the Progressive Era women found themselves in traditional roles raising the family and keeping the families moral compass pointing in the proper manner. Many of them never considered life outside of them home, as this was how they were raised. In the advent of the beginning years of the Progressive Era with many of the largest companies controlling the largest chunks of America’s financial interests these same women were looking outside. By this I mean, the very important job they had raisingRead MoreThe Progressive Era1003 Words   |  5 PagesThe Progressive Era Progressivism in the United States took place in the period between the Spanish-American War and the entry of the United States into the great World War. It was a time for change in America in all walks of life, as well as a time for reform. It was marked by Theodore Roosevelts 7 and a half years in office, the Rough Rider put it upon himself to make the first strides towards reform. These reforms included the cracking down on illegal monopolies and so forth. During thisRead MoreThe Progressive Movement in the US Essay648 Words   |  3 PagesAbrams, he says the progressives mostly sought to introduce old moral beliefs on Americans by trying to integrate Immigrants by making them accept the ways of American life. But Abrams states those goals were ruined for important motives. One being the movement failed because of racism, which was widespread, throughout this time era. Abrams also considers the new scientific developments concerning culture and race affected the movement in a relevant manner. Conversely, progressives thought differentlyRead More The Progressive Era Essay984 Words   |  4 Pages The Progressive Era nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Progressivism in the United States took place in the period between the Spanish-American War and the entry of the United States into the great World War. It was a time for change in America in all walks of life, as well as a time for reform. It was marked by Theodore Roosevelts 7 and a half years in office, the Rough Rider put it upon himself to make the first strides towards reform. These reforms included the cracking down on illegal monopolies

The Ethics of Stem Cell Research Essay - 1005 Words

While some people might say that stem cell research is immoral and unethical, others believe that it is a magical solution for almost any problem, thus leading to a very controversial issue. Scientists have been searching for years for ways to eradicate incurable diseases and perform other medical procedures that yesterdays technology would not fix. With the rapidly arising, positive research on stem cell technology, the potential that exists to restore any deficiency is in the same way, likely to destroy humanity. America is suffering from its inability to choose who holds precedence over this issue. Too many of us find it impossible to reach a basis for which our differing opinions can be shared and formed into a universal and†¦show more content†¦This begs the question of what is value. Today in America, the definition of value can be thought of as something that is of worth and importance, meaning that whoever possesses this value, will indirectly gain from it. So , if these valuable cells are used for tissue and organ regeneration, then the recipient is the possessor who will indirectly gain from it. In support of this concept, Gaymon Bennett, co-author of Stem Cell Research and the Claim of the Other in the Human Subject, mentioned: More than one ethical position on stem cell research could be called religious; and as a Christian, could ethically support stem cell research because of its potential for relieving human suffering and enhancing human health and well-being. There is more than one way to be moral, more than one way to translate ones faith commitments into public policy. (185) To add opposing force, some ethicists believe that the human embryo is the most vulnerable of human beings and that destruction of it should be forbidden. A Lutheran bioethicist proclaims, the human embryo is the weakest and least advantaged of our fellow human beings, and citing Karl Barth adds, and no community is `really strong if it will not carry its...weakest members (Peters and Bennett 187). There are those who hold a parallel yet contradictory position when it comes to embryonic cells. They do not recognize theShow MoreRelatedStem Cell Research in Ethics999 Words   |  4 PagesStem Cell Research in Ethics We are entering a brave new world where one can grow a heart in a petri plate then go on to surgically putting it into a real living boy who desperately needs it. This sounds like a tale of fiction. However now, scientists are currently working to produce such organs that save lives and obviate the usual failure and feared rejection by the recipient’s body. Stem cell research has traditionally been perceived to be horrific when it destroys a living embryo itselfRead MoreThe Ethics Of Stem Cell Research1557 Words   |  7 Pagesthese outstanding medical advances a self-renewing stem cell that regenerates and gives rise to all cells and tissues of the body was discovered. The controversy of such finding of abilities of stem cell is that they can only be extracted from the human embryo. In order to extort stem cells from the embryo it needs to be aborted. The extraction needs to be done just days after conception or between the fifth and the ninth week. Though stem cell rese arch has astonishing potential to save many lives dueRead MoreThe Ethics Of Stem Cell Research1365 Words   |  6 PagesStem cells are cells that have the potential to develop into different types of cells in the body. Stem cells also act as a repair system for many tissues in the body by dividing repeatedly to replenish other cells within a person (National Institutes of Health). Stem cell research seeks to further the advancement of the use of stem cells as well as to find an ethical way to study them. In November 1998, researchers found a way to isolate and culture human embryonic stem cells, (Bevington 2005).Read MoreThe Ethics Of Stem Cell Research1643 Words   |  7 PagesMichael Thomas Philosophy 3520 Bioethics The Ethics of Stem Cell Research Science fiction has tried to encapsulate social responses that could arise with the development of genetically altered or â€Å"enhanced† human beings. Regenerative medicine, genetic cloning and life extension are all terms that sound like they came out of a fantastic film or novel, though they are in fact subjects of great research and heated debates. Embryonic stem cells are arguably the quintessential building block ofRead MoreThe Ethics Of Stem Cell Research Essay1994 Words   |  8 Pagesscience, stem cells have, and are still, been the subject of multiple court cases, some of which conclude with the defendant s case winning. For example in the Moore v. Regents of University of California et al, the plaintiff accused the Regents of University of California, specifically Dr. Golde, of using his cells for lucrative medical research without his permission (Moore v. The Regents of The University of California et al., 1990). This case doesn’t specifically address st em cells, but it openedRead MoreThe Ethics Of Stem Cell Research2651 Words   |  11 PagesThe Ethics of Stem Cell Research: How the Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Changed Them Few areas in science are surrounded by as much controversy as the area of stem cell research. Some scientists and doctors see it as a way to return their patients to wellness, while others claim it’s taking a life. Recent break-throughs in science and medicine may yield a safer alternative to the use of stem cells from embryos. Embryonic stem cell research should not be allowed, because it is unethical to takeRead MoreThe Ethics of Stem Cell Research Essay741 Words   |  3 Pages Embryonic stem cell research can be easily defined. A stem is defined as something that is developed from. A cell is defined as a microscopic living organism. According to Dennis Hollinger, Embryonic stem cell research uses from the embryos inner cell mass that give rise to each of the human bodys many different tissue types(1). In our modern day society, stem cell research has become a controversial topic. Several people strongly oppose the idea of the research, but many are struggling forRead M oreThe Ethics And Morality Of Stem Cell Research1990 Words   |  8 Pages The Ethics and Morality Of Stem Cell Research When does life begin? Does it occur at the time of fertilization? Does it begin at 12 weeks? 6? Or is there some other test determining whether or not a life begins and along with it the rights, that reside to man. The natural rights that belong to every human being, most importantly of which, the right to life. This is the discussion and debate that have been in the forefront of controversial issues for the past 40 years. In most cases the topicRead MoreThe Ethics Of Embryonic Stem Cell Research1520 Words   |  7 PagesGulyas American Government 16 December 2014 The Ethics of Embryonic Stem Cell Research In the 21st century, disease is rampant and for most diseases, we have no cure because we haven t researched them long enough to find a specialized cure. One option that we have is human embryonic stem cell (HESC) research. HESC research consists of using human embryonic stem cells, which are very flexible and adaptive to create the necessary cells to develop future cell-based therapies for currently untreatable diseasesRead MoreStem Cell Research, Ethics And Policy Essay2393 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction Stem cell research and engineering is a widely disputed topic that often divides people in science, ethics, and religion. In order to fully understand the controversy surrounding this area of scientific research and discovery, one must be informed as to what stem cells are. In the article, â€Å"Human Embryonic Stem Cells: Research, Ethics and Policy†, stem cells are described as â€Å"primitive cells with the capacity to divide and give rise to more identical stem cells or to specialize and

National Cultural and Multinational Business

Question: Discuss about the National Cultural and Multinational Business. Answer: Introduction Management theories are of the opinion that the only objective of a corporation is to maximize its profit subject to the constraints it faces. The primary factor in such a model is that the shareholder acts as the ultimate residual to claim profits and who provides all the required resources needed by the firm to run its operations. But, to do this different companies opt for different methods. Moreover there is a variation quite high about what or to what extent a firm can compete for pursuing maximization of profits. While some corporate entities focus more on their short term goals or returns some are for the long run (Eccles 2011);. Some might care less about the external impacts in their operations or on their shareholders while some might concentrate more on decision making on ethical grounds.The purpose of this report is to compare and contrast or analyze the similarities or dissimilarities of two distinctive companies. Comparison of the Vision Statements of CSL Ltd and Macquarie Group CSL Limited are the manufacturers, developers and marketers of pharmaceutical products with a biological origin. Their business encompasses the health care and they develop products made from the human plasma which claims to save lives, they are involved in diagnostics and pharmaceutical activities for the health of the community and they are also involved in providing vaccines and diagnostics services to livestock or companion animals. The vision statement of CSL Ltd comprises of the following:- Focus on customer by being passionate of meeting their every need. By being innovative and creating better products. Maintaining integrity by being honest and ethical in its operations. Believing in collaboration and working together for better results. Obtaining superior performance b being the best in whatever they do. With corporate offices in 28 countries, the Macquarie Group is a global financial service provider. Investment banking, advisory markets, capital markets, trading, hedging, asset finance, funds management, research and retail and financial are the areas covered by the company. They are diversified in their operations. Along with a robust management system in place and a strong capital fund they are considered to be one of the best financial contributors in last 47 years. The mission statement of Macquarie Groups is quite simple. They are completely committed in making the society enriched by delivering super efficient investment services. They are never afraid to challenge traditional wisdom and knowhow and prefer engaging themselves to change for pursuing growth. They are committed in putting their clients to be the heart of their business by developing and sustaining long customer relationships with them. They are a singular firm totally committed in delivering a complete range of skills, knowledge, resources to whoever needs. Diversification is accepted and differences in opinion are valued and respected ( Anonymous). Comparing the Values of the Two Companies The values and ethics of the CSL Group involve focus on the customers essentially and their satisfaction. Apart from this, it also entails innovation, integrity, collaboration and superior performance. On the other other hand, the values of the Macquarie Group have been explained in a more elaborate manner. The company has clearly stated the values of the company and claims that it follows them religiously. Some of the values of the Macquarie Group include an elaborate code of conduct that all employees are bound to follow, focus on integrity, enhancing accountability, provision of higher number of opportunities and an approach that takes into consideration the interests of the clients, the shareholders of the company and the people in general that are relative to the company in one way or the other. Comparing Corporate Social Responsibility Every company these days has a Corporate Social Responsibility that they follow outline and aim to follow while conducting business in all spheres. The Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives and details of the CSL Group have been elaborated in a perfect manner on its website. It is extensive in nature and includes almost every important factor about the CSR of any company. The priority areas of function of the company include researching, innovating and developing new medication for the areas not explored as yet. Furthermore, the company focuses on delivering the best quality therapies to the patients and ensuring the safety during the provision to treatments to the people. Apart from this, it also focuses on ensuring that the operations are carried out responsibly, provision of positive environment for the employees of the company, supporting the local community as far as possible, minimising the impacts on the environment while delivering the services provided by the company. There are a number of other important factors about the corporate social responsibility of the CSL group such as ensuring the safety and quality of life of the employees while at the workplace, following responsibility in the marketplace, improving the environmental conditions etc. Since the area of focus and services provision of the two companies are different from each other, hence, the Corporate Social Responsibility policies of the two companies may differ from each other. The corporate social responsibility of the Macquarie takes into consideration a number of similarities with CSL Group. The main objectives of the Macquarie CSR include: Ensuring the management of environmental and social risks Following the best ethical practices and conducting business along ethical lines only Safety and comfort of the people and workplace are also assured Complete management of investments, markets and products while ensuring the following of the best practices Engaging stakeholders to the best of the capacity and assurance to consider their valuable inputs. Comparing the Stakeholders For CSL Ltd stakeholders engagement is a matter of a responsibility of the corporate business. The primary stakeholders identified by the company are patients, crew, investors, suppliers, regulators, government, business partners, health care professionals, scientific research community and plasma donors. A varied range of activities is covered by the stakeholders at CSL Limited. Fetching and providing data or information, providing the health service professionals educational materials and collaboration and active dialogue with the representatives of the stakeholders. Different methods are used for the stakeholder's engagement. Survey of customers, visit to primary suppliers, conduct meetings and perception studies technique are some approaches (Perreault, 2013). The stakeholders community for Macquarie shows a very positive result. Funding and capital is the primary focus for the group. It also provides strategic analysis to the senior management and businesses of Macquaries. The financial management group ensures that the company keeps meeting the financial and compliance obligations and regulations. Their Investor Relations and Corporate Communication engages a varied range of stakeholders. Their list of active stakeholders comprises of investment analysts, rating specialists, media, government ,staff and a vast range of community members. The main objective is to make sure that their understanding about their stakeholders is maximised. Analysis of SMART Objectives The SMART objectives of the two companies will be measured along the lines of Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Timely factors. The objectives of the CSL Group include the following: Specific: Both the CSL and Macquarie Group is specific about what exactly they want to do, with whom and what. Their precise and clear conception about what their aim is makes them smoothly operate. Measurable - Both the firms have also quantified their objectives. That means they are aware how to measure these objectives. Achievable - Given the time, budget and resources in hand, the companies are successful to be able to achieve those objectives. Rather it can be stated that their corporate objectives are achievable. Realistic- Both Macquarie Group and CSL Limited is able to answer the question whether these objectives set are realistic enough to lead them to their desired results. Time bound - The most important factor is time. They are able to achieve their motives within the time frame set. Clearly they can state when their objectives will be completed (Joan, 2015). Conclusion The CSL Group and Macquarie group have a varied number of similarities and differences that have been analyzed. The vision of both the companies are extremely strong and the values are similar to each other though they differ to some extent considering the presence of visible difference in the service provision of both the companies. Furthermore, considering the corporate social responsibility of both the companies, they are very similar to each other. They ensure giving importance to the safety of the employees, provision to safe environment and assurance to take care of the environment while the delivery of services. The involvement of the stakeholders is also high in both the companies. Considering the SMART Objectives of both the companies, we can easily relate that the two companies are working towards the delivery of the best quality services and ensuring that they meet their SMART objectives in the best possible manner. The offer realistic goals and ensure that they are met in the timeline that they provide to their customers; thus, deliveries the commitments that they make. References Ghemawat, P. (2011). National Cultural Differences and Multinational Business Eccles, J. (2011). The Impact of Corporate Sustainability on Organizational Processes and Performance Anonymous, (2016). Discover the Macquarie Difference. Perreault, P. (2013). Our Code Of Responsible Business Practice Joan, (2015). Community Service Learning: How to write measurable objectives.

Ehics V/S Ads Essay Example

Ehics V/S Ads Essay The focus on: Defining stereotypes; look at common racial stereotypes in advertisements (print or television advertisements); examine how racial stereotypes influence the perception of those watching these advertisements; and, the justification advertisers give to support the continued use of stereotypes. The essay will conclude that certain types of advertisements do perpetuate racialstereotypes. What are stereotypes?According to Vincent Parillo a stereotype is â€Å"an oversimplified generalization by which we attribute certain traits or characteristics to an entire group without regard to individual differences. Sometimes stereotypes can be positive – for example that African Americans are good athletes and Asian Americans are good mathematicians†¦however, stereotypes distort reality†¦and deny individuals the right to be judged and treated on the basis of their own personal merit† Racial stereotypes is a general representation of a given race/ethnic group, which comprises of exaggerated mental pictures that persist in a given racial group (Dominique p. 8). Different communities have different and unique characteristics, which gives a sense of ownership and identity towards their culture. Some of these stereotypes may be expressed as a sense of humor, which may be irritating to another race. Stereotypes have greatly affected different cultures in the aspect of attitude towards some races, marriages, political setup, and workplaces. Despite all the efforts aimed at reducing stereotypes, they are still very influential and racially dividing our society due to effect of culture and media. Glocal Image of racial stereotypes in Advertisement Media:Racial stereotypes in media tend to segregate different ethnicities by special characteristics, which define them (Powell p. 89). Africans, Americans, Asians, Indians, and many other racial units are taken with a lot of misconception by the society which the media expounds greatly thus producing g reat effects of stereotypes. News, movies, newspapers, and magazines focus so much on the peculiar behaviors of different ethnicities to impress the audience. Accent, skin color, and cultural behaviors are the main aspects that define the origin and background of a given character.With the emphasis that the media exhibit on the same, it hinders the audience from detailed knowledge of that given ethnic group. This encourages them to overlook meaningful attributes to their characters and every individual in that race. the notion was that blacks were unproductive unless whipped or being under the supervision. In combination with other stereotypes, it has resulted in the blacks being unjust and cruel in the American institutions. This stereotype persisted after the slave trade and spread through literature and ancient movies.Nevertheless, the notion of a lazy man with a soul, which came along in 1940s, later curbed it. The political culture in America was slowly and painfully transforme d by ushering of new civil rights. Racial stereotypes have also contributed to a great change in the economic culture of the civilized and uncivilized races. The civil rights movement’s simultaneous occurrence and the fight against poverty geared the poverty reduction for African-Americans and their fight for equality (Powell p. 90). Nevertheless, discussions of policy work in the press and poverty arenas sometimes lead to false conclusions that poverty is a racial problem.The modern use of language such as black or Hispanic has also raised stereotypes and employed code words that let the audience recognize the group referred to without saying so. Literature Review: As a society, people play into the looks, culture, and beliefs of a person and within minutes people make an assumption of who they are. Society takes one look at a person and based on their race, instantly draw a conclusion upon them without even asking them their name. Stereotyping has been around for centuries; the most commonly used stereotypes involve race.People use racial stereotyping based on what society deems that race to be, without first getting to know that person in order to draw individual valid conclusions about them. When people are using racial stereotypes, they often think that they are better than the other person based on the color of their skin. In the article â€Å"Stereotypes† by Saul McLeod, he uses research on stereotypes by Katz and Braly which states, â€Å"Not surprisingly, racial stereotypes always seem to favor the race of the holder and belittle other races† (McLeod,Katz,Braly). A person who is set on pre-judging someone is hat they are better than someone of another race. Some feel as though no one of another racial background can equal to them or is not even worthy to sit and eat with them, all because they do not have the same skin color. People cannot choose what race they want to be. As people belittle each others races, those that they beli ttle may be left thinking, together they are really better because they are black, white, Latino, or Indian. The media also plays a significant role in racial stereotyping. It is known to influence the minds of many from children to adults.Advertising perpetuates the stereotypes of racial minorities because it depicts preconceived attributes that the white majority consider the norm. Advertisers do this for several reasons: one is that the customer base may be made up of mostly whites; another is that companies would like to avoid the complication of depicting a non-stereotyped character. The low percentage of minorities in advertising may be attributed to the reluctance of a company to use a minority member because of concern about presenting a false representation; it is difficult portraying completely non-stereotyped groups because they need some quick images to draw from.The real problem comes when a stereotype is used that is degrading. Wilson and Gutierrez state in their essay , ? Advertising and People of Color? that ? These and other portrayals catered to the mass audience mentality by either neutralizing or making humor of the negative perceptions that many Whites may have had of racial minorities. At the end many stereotypes have resulted into policy mainly without controversial remarks. This has led to racial stereotyping and race baiting in political discourse and allowing racial baggage to be tied to antipoverty programs.This may yield a positive or a negative effect on the political /economic culture of a given ethnic community. Racial stereotypes have a great negative impact on our society due to their inadequacy and bias. They hinder rational thinking and form a resistance to social diversity. They not only hinder the appreciation of cultural diversity in races but also stimulate racial and cultural conflicts, which is a great cause of racial discrimination SEXUAL STEREOTYPES IN ADVERTISEMENTS INTRODUCTION The average person in India is exposed to over 2,000 advertisements per day.These permeate our society through such media as television, magazines, billboards, and internet banners. The fact that advertisements are so pervasive suggests that they have a significant impact on society. The advertisements most often featuring sexual appeals are for image-based products. Actual images in ads can often convey emotions powerfully, which may explain the frequent use in marketing image-based products. These products include: candy, liquor, cigarettes, jewelry, fragrance, cosmetics and fashion goods.It is advertisements are not limited to these products but used to sell completely unrelated products. The use of such appeals is constantly scrutinized in terms of ethics, regardless of the target audience. Considerable research has been done on ethics in marketing, partly because marketing is the business function most often charged with unethical practices. Ethical judgments are subjective and complex, and deal with cultural norms. Yet, there is another dimension of ethical questions when sexual appeals are used to promote products to teens.Previous researchers have analyzed the images of women in magazine advertisements, and concluded that women are portrayed as sex objects It is important to study the portrayal of womens sexuality because it has been suggested that sexuality is the root cause of gender inequality. , for example, explained that sexuality (is) the dynamic of the inequality of the sexes However, researchers have generally examined advertisements in mainstream womens magazines or mainstream gender-neutral magazines, where the majority of the readers are White.Black women have been excluded from most analyses because, as prior research has shown, they are under-represented in the mainstream media that has already been discussed above the repot. Images of Women in Mainstream Media Goffman was one of the first sociologists to analyze gender stereotypes in advertisements. He argued that advertiseme nts help to construct the ideals of masculinity and femininity. It is found that women were often portrayed in very stereotypical ways, such as in submissive roles or family roles, and in lower physical and social positions than men.Although the actual position of many women in society may have improved considerably since the analysis, previous studies have shown that the images of women in advertisements have not changed appreciably. Women are still shown primarily in submissive positions and as sex objects. Sexual women are often used in advertisements for men to imply a sexual relationship between the man who uses the product and the woman in the advertisement. Sexual women are also used in advertisements for women to imply that the product will increase the users appeal to men (Courtney ;amp; Whipple, 1983).Advertisements continuously promote the message that a womans ultimate goal is to attract men. However, it is important to note that advertisements depict for us not necessar ily how we actually behave as men and women but how we think men and women behave (Gornick, 1979, p. 7). MAIN DISCUSSION POINTS FROM LITERATURE REVIEW + CASE of (Mrs. Rajshwari Panigrahi) WITH PERSONAL OPINION!! MacKinnon (1989) argued that sexuality is the underlying cause of gender inequality. She noted, sexuality is substantially what makes the gender division be what it is, which is male dominant (p. 130).Thus, the continuous showing in the media of women as submissive sex objects reinforces the gender hierarchy. It has been suggested that media that target women are more likely to portray women in a way that reflects reality, and thus should be more responsive to the changing situation of women in society than media that target men and women, or only men (Strinati, 1995). However, researchers have shown that women are still often shown as sex objects in media designed specifically for women, which implies that advertisers believe that women accept an objectified and passive vie w of themselves (Courtney amp; Whipple, 1983).Most people think that advertising in general has no influence of them. â€Å"People do not typically admit that they are influenced by advertising† (Cohan, 2001). Clearly this cannot be the case. Advertising supports more than 60 percent of magazine and newspaper production and almost all of the electronic media. Companies spend over $200 billion a year on advertising (Kibourne, 1999). The use of sex appeals is an increasingly popular technique to sell products, namely those that are image-based, such as candy, liquor, cigarettes, jewelry, fragrance, cosmetics and fashion goods.It has a substantial moral impact. I believe, Culture ideas, symbols, norms and values play a significant role in the creation of women images and the differentiation of gender roles. The purpose of the present article is to understand the images of femininity in Indian society from ancient to modern times. India, a heterogeneous society, presents conflict ing women images. The normative model image of Indian womanhood has displayed remarkable consistency. Images of women have not remained static and have undergone numerous changes.Various cultural images of women:- Pativrata- unconditional devotion to husband, Glorified Motherhood, Bharat Mata Image. First at the societal plane, the perception of different categories of women is distinctly shaped/conditioned by the popularly accepted female images/stereotypes. We can see, Advertising has been a prime target of attack and scrutiny. The basic explanation for the critical focus on sex role portrayal in advertising lies in the close relationship, which exists between advertising, the consumer goods industry and the crucial economic role of women as consumers.Generally it is shown in advertisement a woman’s goal in life is to attract and attain a man:-women are shown in advertising as always young and attractive. They are frequently depicted as sexual objects. This is just not acce ptable in ethics term. I have a question â€Å"Are all not that stupid to buy any crap item just because a hot model with skimpy clothes is hold in it†. Aren’t education and awareness plays their role in the society? Is it that blind that it is accepting the picture and enjoying the girl rolling on the dance floor with mini apparels.Indian is known about their culture, values, norms and ethis and respect to their religion, isn’t it our ethics and values to stop this business tycoon to use the women as an object to sell their product? If we see business point of view: the belief prevelles that sex sells to a certain extent. Sex appeal can increase the effectiveness of an ad or commercial because it attracts the customer’s attention. It’s human nature to be curious about sex. It may help the product if it is related with the product being advertised. For example. it may work with condoms, deodrants, etc. ut trying to force the sexual content in every ad amp; for every product is foolish. Showing skin to get attention and then trying to sell completely unrelated products will put the company on back fire. Companies have to understand the point An Ad Can Only Induce D Use, Ultimately Its The Product That Decides Its Future If we talk about Indian advertising context, if we evaluate different roots taken by Ads, be it humour, emotional, sexual, functional, we can easily deduce humour or emotional platform has created more success stories than anything else.We have seen the advertisement of a semi clad actress advertising a mango drink â€Å"Aam Sutra†. It does not take much time to relate it to â€Å"Kama Sutra†. Of course, the advertisers want you to relate to it so that your levels of testosterone go up and you somehow become crazy for the mango drink. What is the relation between ‘playing safe’ in context of a couple and the mineral water? There are enough examples of this kind which prove that the c orporate houses have not been sensitive enough to observe the highest level of ethics while making profits. (You tube followers tube, y. (n. d. ). slice mango commercial of 2010.On the other side, Tata steel advertisements ad campaign in 1990’s â€Å"we make people we also make steel† is one of those ads which depicts a steel company that embraced its local community, Subsequent ad of Tata Steel â€Å"Value is stronger than steel â€Å"further establishes the moral values and organisational culture of the steel maker. The Corporate ad of the company showing a campaign of its Hotel group uses the punch line â€Å"Expressing India to the world† shows the corporate loyalty towards the country, Tata Tea Jago Rey ad campaign also is on the similar lines portraying the ethics and morals for the society.Cadbury’s, RIN, NIRMA, Vodafone, Airtel, Maggi, Milkmade, SURF, Chloromint, Fevicol,Saffola oil are few brands which immediately come to my mind. They are the business leaders In the respective industry and has the larger customer follower. Where there is Dhara commercial oil ad, in which it has shown love of a child and grandparent and the innocence of child to have â€Å"Jalebi† that makes him to get back to his home. It has rather more likes on you tube! tube, y. (n. d. ). Dhara Commercial-jalebi. For TCS the corporate ad has lines.The messages in the ads of company clearly show the organisational culture as whole and its devotion towards the society and the country. Thus, it can be concluded that ethics is a part of the organisational culture and no matter how competitive the world is a corporate adhering to ethical standards can always sustain in the long run. Advertising is a multi crore industry in India and is poised to grow at close to 9% during 2011. What we need along this growth is a regulatory body that sees that the information conveyed through the advertisement actually speaks about the product or service to an exten t of 90%.The National Commission for Women is also pressing the Government of India to bring advertisements and such media practices under the ambit of a law by proposing amendments to the Prohibition of Indecent Representation of Women and Children Act 1956. But the all powerful corporate houses use their lobbying techniques to dilute such amendments to the extent possible. Let us hope that good sense prevails over these corporate houses because a stronger economy cannot be built without strong ethics in business. Referances: Cohan, John Alan. â€Å"Towards a new paradigm in the Ethics of Women’s Advertising. Journal of Business Ethics; 33 (10) 2001. Business information ;gt; Business articles ;gt; Journals Sex Roles: A Journal of Research ,Images of womens sexuality in advertisements: a content analysis of Black- and White-oriented womens and mens magazines. Article from: Sex Roles: A Journal of Research | January 1, 2005 | Women And Negative Stereotypes: An End Before A S tart By Divya Bhargava 06 July, 2009 Countercurrents. org Topic : Sex sells: The erotic content of media and marketing, Created by : James Masih, Product/Brand Manager, FedExADVERTISEMENT TARGETING TO CHILDREN INTRODUCTION: In recent years, the food and beverage industry has viewed children and adolescents as a major market force. As a result, children and adolescents are now the target of intense and specialized food marketing and advertising efforts. Food marketers are interested in youth as consumers because of their spending power, their purchasing influence, and as future adult consumers. Multiple techniques and channels are used to reach youth, beginning when they are toddlers, to foster brand-building and influence food product purchase behaviour.These food marketing channels include television advertising, in-school marketing, product placements, kids clubs, the Internet, toys and products with brand logos, and youth-targeted promotions, such as cross-selling and tie-ins. Fo ods marketed to children are predominantly high in sugar and fat, and as such are inconsistent with national dietary recommendations. Nutrition during childhood and adolescence is essential for growth and development, health and well-being. Further, eating behaviours established during childhood track into adulthood and contribute to long-term health and chronic disease risk.Numerous studies have consistently documented that dietary intake patterns of children and adolescents are poor and do not meet national dietary goals. In addition, food consumption trend data show a shift over the past few decades. Children and adolescents are eating more food away from home, drinking more soft drinks, and snacking more frequently. Children now obtain over 50% of their calories from fat or added sugar (32% and 20%, respectively). The growing epidemic of childhood overweight and obesity is a major public health concern.Advertising to children can take place on traditional media –  telev ision,  radio  and  print  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ as well as  new media  (internet  and other  electronic media). Packaging, in-store advertising, event sponsorship, and  promotions  can also be used. For example: McDonalds tries to attract children by giving toys , maggi focuses on children above 5 years ,hippo- a parle snack product tries to get attention of children by offering small attractive toys claiming its content to be good for health. LEGISLATION: Advertising shall not cause moral or physical detriment to minors, and shall therefore comply with the following criteria for their protection: a. t shall not directly exhort minors to buy a product or a service by exploiting their inexperience or  credulity; b. it shall not directly encourage minors to persuade their parents or others to purchase the goods or services being advertised; c. it shall not exploit the special trust minors place in parents, teachers or other persons; d. it shall not unreasonably show minors i n dangerous situations In addition: e. Children’s programs may only be interrupted if the scheduled duration is longer than 30 minutes f. Product placement is not allowed in children’s programs. . The Member States and the Commission should encourage audiovisual media service providers to develop codes of conduct regarding the advertising of certain foods in children’s programs. LITERATURE REVIEW: Research Papers :BY REBECCA A. CLAY Ever since he first started practicing, Berkeley, Calif. , psychologist Allen D. Kanner, PhD, has been asking his younger clients what they wanted to do when they grew up. The answer used to be nurse, astronaut or some other occupation with intrinsic appeal. Today the answer is more likely to be make money. For Kanner, one explanation for that shift can be found in advertising. Advertising is a massive, multi-million dollar project thats having an enormous impact on child development, says Kanner, who is also an associate faculty mem ber at a clinical psychology training program called the Wright Institute. The sheer volume of advertising is growing rapidly and invading new areas of childhood, like our schools. The Psychology of Marketing to Kids (Free Press, 1997) draws on child development research to show product developers and marketers how to reach children more effectivelyDaniel S. Acuff, PhD, draws on the child development courses he took during his graduate schooling in education to advise such clients as Disney, Hasbro and Kraft. His book What Kids Buy and Why: [ 1 ]. http://www. exclusivepapers. com/essays/Informative/how-racial-stereotypes-affect-our-culture. php [ 2 ]. Topic : Sex sells: The erotic content of media and marketing, Created by : James Masih, Product/Brand Manager, FedEx [ 3 ]. Youtube. com