Investigating the Accuracy of the Air-column Length

Investigating the Accuracy of the Air-column Length 1.0 Introduction (max 500 words) Sound is a vibration that transmits as a typically audible mechanical wave of displacement and pressure through a medium such as water or air (Wikipedia, 2015). A pressure disturbance that travels through a medium (particle to particle interaction) is called a sound wave. Particles become disturbed, causing one to exert a force to the adjacent particle; hence particles are disturbed from rest resulting in energy being transported through the medium (The Physics Classroom, 1996-2015). The displacement of a medium’s particles is parallel to the wave propagation direction, which characterises longitudinal wave (A.Russell D, 1998). Particles do not travel down the tube; they vibrate back and forth between their individual equilibrium. Due to the longitudinal waves, there are particles in the air that are compressed, whereas others are dispersed, which are called compression and rarefaction (Figure 1). The longitudinal wave does not have peaks, so the wavelength is usually measured using the distance between the compressions or the rarefactions. Figure 1 – Compression and rarefaction (Geeks Unite, 2013) The speed of sound is dependent on the temperature, which can be generated from, where v is the speed of sound and T is the temperature. However, in the experiment the velocity of sound waves is found by multiplying the wavelength and the known frequency of tuning forks. Wavelength is described as the length of one cycle of the wave. When a system is driven by the natural frequency, a resonance frequency occurs. However, the amount of wavelength sections can determine several natural frequencies through a column of air in a tube ( in Figure 2). When a tuning fork is held above the tube (Figure 2) while vibrating, if the tuning fork’s frequency aligns with the air column, air particles will be pushed by the tuning fork’s vibrations at a frequency which causes the vibration in the air column (Ping E, 2011). Figure 2 – Example of the experiment’s setup (NASA, 2010) Figure 3 – Resonance tube with closed and open end (NASA, 2010) Although compressions and rarefactions are in opposite directions, when they are reflected at the end of the closed tube (closed end is water) into the converse direction; propagation of waves are produced. The wavelength is calculated through the air column, because a tube’s shortest resonance length is a quarter of the wavelength (Figure 3). Resonance occurs at the greatest amplitude of the sound waves, hence, wavelength can be calculated as (Walding R et al, 2004). The fundamental frequency (first harmonic) has a node (when displacement of the amplitude is zero) at the closed end of the air column and an antinode at the open end (Figure 3 left) (The Physics Classroom, 1996-2015). By adjusting the tube, the third harmonic will appear next as one vibrational node and two vibrational antinodes form the frequency of the harmonic (Figure 3 right). Even though the wavelength and frequency can be multiplied to find the velocity of sound, they are not factors that will affect the velocity, which indicates the changes in wavelength only results in an inverse impact of the frequency (The Physics Classroom, 1996-2015). 4.0 Discussion 4.1 Analysis By investigating the accuracy of the air-column length using resonance tubes in water, it was clear that the results were achieved with relatively high accuracy when compared with the calculated air-column length when the room temperature was measured and assumed to be constant at; hence the velocity of sound was. It was discovered that the resonance tube’s diameter had an indirect relationship with the length of air-column, which an increase in tube’s diameter results in a decrease in the air-column length. From Table 1, the air-column lengths for each tube at all frequency declined from 0.161m, 0.231m and 0.329m to 0.134m, 0.203m and 0.301m respectively as the diameter of tubes increased from 0.0164m to 0.0865m (same trend in Table 2). As Graph 1 showed more explicitly through the decreasing linear trendlines at different frequencies, the indirect relationship between air-column length and tube diameter was justified. Moreover, the gradients of the trendlines were the end correction that appeared to be between, which approximately corresponded with equations of the theoretical data and the formula of wavelength (), but for this experiment using end correction of 0.4 could be invalid as each set of data may have its specific end correction, possibly causing inaccuracies. The measured data seemed to contain relatively high accuracy (overlapped with the theoretical data) in contrast with the theoretical data (Table 2) in Graph 1. Therefore, the end correction and hypothesis were justified. As frequency is inversely proportional to wavelength, Graph 2 illustrated the inverse relationship between frequency and air-column length where all air-column lengths declined as the frequency grew. While the values were close to 1, the data plotted did not perfectly fit the trendlines, which indicated that some errors were in the data (see 4.2 Evaluation). Due to tube B and C having similar diameters (0.038m and 0.039m), and only three decimal places were kept when calculating the air-column lengths, the trends were not presented distinctly as the other three tubes. If the results were kept in more decimal places, tube C would have a shorter air-column length than tube B at constant velocity of sound and frequency. Anomalies were expected and four were identified (highlighted in Table 7). Standard deviation was used to distinguish between the raw data. Results were seen as anomalies if they were not in the range of two standard deviations and average air-column length (). The highlighted data were believed to be one-off values as they appeared randomly, hence disregarded when calculating the average air-column length. The anomalies may have occurred due to parallax when interpreting the measurements from the measuring tape, which can be avoided in further experiments. Another reason may also be mistaking overtones as resonance or missing points of resonance, and particles (e.g. PVC pipe’s debris/scraps) Overall, the data collected were relatively reliable and expected in the hypothesis, thus, justified the inverse relationships between air-column length and tube, as well as frequency and air-column. Therefore, the data proved that wavelength was inversely proportional to frequency (The P hysics Classroom, 1996-2015). 4.2 Evaluation The experiment was completed in one day with consistency. However, errors were found between measured data and theoretical data. Table 3 showed the percentage error between measured and calculated (theoretical) air-column length. All percentage errors were less than 1% (varied from 0.004% to 0.612%). Hence, the errors were insignificant and the measured results contained relatively high accuracy with precision. Theoretically, the velocity of sound should be the same at across all tubes at all frequencies as the temperature was kept constant; however, the data varied between a range of and (Table 4). Percentage errors were negligible (all under 1% with highest value of 0.397%) which were calculated to compare with the theoretical velocity at () (Table 5). Propagation error of velocity of sound was also investigated by considering the error of apparatus, which was compared with the theoretical velocity. Since this error was less than, the error was considered to be insignificant that the measured data contained comparatively high accuracy; thus, justified the experiment as a valid experiment. Graph 3 presented the average velocity calculated, the velocities of five pipes differed from each other. Theoretically, an increasing trend in variance should present in Graph 3, but pipe B and C seems to have extremely large variances (errors), hence disregarded. Thus, increasing trend only applies to pipe A, C and E. Evidently, pipe A had the smallest variance, which implied high precision; hence, pipe A was considered to have the highest accuracy. Furthermore, random errors were made as the tuning fork may have been held incorrectly as hands were moving up and down to adjust the air-column, or pipes were not held completely perpendicular to the ground. The anomalies can be improved by using an electronic ruler to collect air-column lengths to avoid parallax. When finding the harmonics, overtones which relates to the third and fifth frequencies should be avoided. In addition, room temperature may be measured when collecting each trial’s data to calculate the speed of sound to ensure higher accuracy of the air-column length. Due to the experiment being conducted in the classroom with all other experiments conducting at the same time, surrounding noise might be another reason for anomalies occurring; hence the experiment should be completed in a quiet room to avoid resonance interference by other sounds. Furthermore, the experiment can be extended by using AFO (Audio Frequency Oscillator) that generates frequency (at certa in level) and a speaker instead of tuning forks to alternate the frequency and water level to determine the air-column length (Gadani D.H, 2011). Resonance is used in real life applications, usually for music instruments. Flutes can be estimated as cylindrical tubes with two open ends, whereas a clarinet has a closed end which the air is blown from one end and resonance occurs (Walding R et al, 2004). Clarinets usually have frequency range between 125Hz to 2000Hz (Brown S, 1996-2012) with 15mm inner diameter (Fox S, 2000). Since clarinet’s frequency could be around 200Hz, theoretical equation (at 256Hz from Graph 1) was manipulated (Graph 4) to determine the air-column length of the clarinet. The fundamental harmonic is predicted to occur at 33cm; however, at the third harmonic the result (99cm) almost matches with the real clarinet length of 94cm (Nave R, 2015). The length of clarinet must be an exact wavelength in order for the resonance to occur. Therefore, with a percentage error of 6.38% the prediction seems reasonable and appropriate, which justifies that the experiment can be extrapolated to real life application in the future. 5.0 Conclusion When the velocity of sound was kept constant at a certain temperature, the resonance tubes’ inner diameters were measured with known frequencies written on tuning forks, the wavelength was calculated, hence the air-column length could be determined (). It was found that the air-column length had an indirect relationship with the frequency when velocity of sound was kept constant and an inverse relationship with the tubes’ diameters while both velocity of sound and frequency were maintained the same. This supported the hypothesis that frequencies would have similar impacts on the air-column as the decrease in frequency would lead to an increase in air-column length when diameter was unchanged.

The Sixties Scoop in Canada

Critical Social Work School of Social Work University of Windsor 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor, Ont. Canada N9B 3P4 Email: [email  protected] ca Website: http://www. uwindsor. ca/criticalsocialwork/ Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information can be found at: http://uwindsor. ca/criticalsocialwork The online version of this article can be found at at: http://uwindsor. ca/criticalsocialwork/the http://uwindsor. ca/criticalsocialwork/the-sixties-scoop-implications-for-social-workers workers-andsocial-work-educationCritical Social Work, 2010 Vol. 11 o. 1 11, Online publication date: May 2010 53 Alston-O’Connor The Sixties Scoop: Implications for Social Workers and Social Work Education Critical Social Work 11(1) Emily Alston-O’Connor, BSW Abstract This paper examines issues concerning First Nations peoples and the child welfare system, and their implications for social work today. It explores the Sixties Scoop to illustrate the devast ating impact such policies and practices had on Aboriginal children, families and communities. Cultural genocide is part of this legacy.To deliver more culturally appropriate services, awareness about and acknowledgement of these mistakes can assist social workers to incorporate a social justice perspective into their practice with Aboriginal clients. As well, implications for social work education regarding professional training, curriculum content and course delivery by Aboriginal faculty members are highlighted The Sixties Scoop: Implications for Social Workers and Social Work Education Religious leaders and the government of Canada have apologized to First Nations peoples for the abusive experiences they endured in the residential school ystem. However, the closure of the residential schools did not end the attempt to assimilate Aboriginal children into mainstream Anglo-Canadian society through separation from their families. A sudden acceleration in child welfare workers removi ng Native children from their Aboriginal communities coincided with the dismantling of the church run education system. As the next painful chapter in the history of the colonization of Canada’s Aboriginal peoples, the Sixties Scoop quickly evolved into an aggressive tool for assimilation and cultural genocide.Its legacy has implications for social work practice today. Origins of the Sixties Scoop Governments in the mid 20th century viewed Aboriginal people as â€Å"child-like creatures in constant need of the paternal care of the government. With guidance, they would gradually abandon their superstitious beliefs and barbaric behaviour and adopt civilization† (Titley, 1992, p. 36). Segregated day and residential schools had failed to meet the goals of assimilation: most former students did not embrace the Euro-Canadian identity.The Parliamentary committee examining the Indian Act between 1946 and 1948 rejected the existing policy and proposed Critical Social Work, 2010 Vol. 11, No. 1 54 Alston-O’Connor instead the integration of young Indians into public schools (Titley, 1992). Concurrently, the Department of Indian Affairs created agreements with the provinces to take primary responsibility for children’s general welfare within their own provincial agencies (Armitage, 1995). As residential schools became discredited, the child welfare system became the new agent of assimilation and colonization (Johnson, 1983).Returning to their reserves and bands, many residential school students felt alienated and overwhelmed. Growing up in the residential school system, Aboriginal children were not given role models to look up to. They were not shown affection nor taught how to love or care for others. They had few traditional child-rearing skills from their own parents and relatives to rely on (Armitage, 1995). This had detrimental effects on the families of survivors of the residential schools for the generations of children who followed (Four nier and Crey, 1997).During the era of the Sixties Scoop, Kulusic (2005) suggests that â€Å"power, privilege and poverty are complexly related to the disproportionate number of Aboriginal children who were removed from their own communities† (p. 26). Unfamiliar with extended family child-rearing practices and communal values, government social service workers attempted to ‘rescue’ children from their Aboriginal families and communities, devastating children’s lives and furthering the destitution of many families.Culture and ethnicity were not taken into consideration as it was assumed that the child, being pliable, would take on the heritage and culture of the foster/adoptive parents (Armitage, 1995). The forced removal of children and youth from their Native communities has been linked with social problems such as â€Å"high suicide rate, sexual exploitation, substance use and abuse, poverty, low educational achievement and chronic unemployment† ( Lavell-Harvard and Lavell, 2006, p. 144).Newly designated funds from the federal to the provincial governments were â€Å"the primary catalysts for state involvement in the well-being of Aboriginal children†¦as Ottawa guaranteed payment for each child apprehended† (Lavell-Harvard and Lavell, 2006, p. 145). Exporting Aboriginal children to the United States was common practice. Private American adoption agencies paid Canadian child welfare services $5,000 to $10,000 per child (LavellHarvard and Lavell, 2006). These agencies rarely went beyond confirming the applicant’s ability to pay, resulting in minimal screening and monitoring of foster or adoptive parents (Fournier and Crey, 1997).In 1959, only one percent of all children in care were of Native ancestry. By the late 1960s, â€Å"30 to 40 percent of all legal wards of the state in Canada were Aboriginal children, even though they formed less than 4 percent of the national population† (Fournier and Crey, 1 997, p. 83). At the height of the Scoop, one in four status Indian children were separated from his or her parents for all or part of their childhood; for non-status and Metis children, one in three spent part of their childhood as a legal ward of the state (Fournier and Crey, 1997).Social welfare policies allowed government agencies to â€Å"continue to remove Aboriginal children from their homes and communities and damage Aboriginal culture and traditions all the while claiming to act in the best interest of the child† (Johnson, 1983, p. 24). The permanent removal of thousands of Aboriginal children during the Sixties Scoop laid the foundation for more complex, destructive effects on First Nations communities and culture with repercussions extending beyond their lifetimes. Critical Social Work, 2010 Vol. 1, No. 1 55 Alston-O’Connor Cultural Genocide and Loss of Identity The loss of their children caused irrevocable mental, emotional and spiritual harm to individuals, families and communities. â€Å"Indian children were taken away like souvenirs by professionals who were supposed to be helping the whole family† (Fournier and Crey, 1997, p. 91). The actions of child welfare workers destabilized traditional First Nations culture, quickly stereotyping Aboriginal women as unfit mothers and living off the land as uncivilized.Welfare agencies played a very important role in â€Å"defining, transmitting and shaping what were seen as legitimate or normal cultural expectations and practices† (Ward, 1984, p. 22). The acceptable home criteria reflected a nuclear, middle class lifestyle. Once an Aboriginal child was placed, social agencies did not offer support to the newly formed families even though research has shown that transracial adoption is more problematic because children lose their cultural heritage and their true identity (Kulusic, 2005).Permanent estrangement from one’s roots was inherent in the Sixties Scoop adoption struc ture. Aboriginal names, like postal codes, signify which First Nations their family belongs to (Cuthand, 2007). With legal adoptions, children’s birth family names disappeared as the adoptive surname was issued on all records. Sealing their case files erased any past family history and made repatriation nearly impossible for the adopted child and their grieving families. Some reserves lost almost an entire generation of their children to the welfare system (Johnson, 1983).Many children were placed in distant communities, exported to other provinces or across the US border to the homes of middle class white families (Kulusic, 2005). Scattering children across the continent undermined identification with the close-knit traditional Aboriginal culture and destroyed its kinship network. The legal rights of Aboriginal children were forgotten. With the erasure of their ancestry, the knowledge of being a treaty Indian child was suppressed. Special privileges available as a result of their Native status were lost through the apprehension and adoption process (Kimmelman, 1985).In accordance with treaty rights, one might expect that child welfare agencies would place the child in a culturally appropriate environment, focused on healthy development as an Aboriginal child. Such considerations were routinely ignored (Kimmelman, 1985). This large-scale removal of Aboriginal children to non-native families throughout the 1960s and 1970s damaged the cultural legacy of all First Nations peoples. The long-term implementation and destructive intergenerational impacts of Canadian government policies during the Sixties Scoop are consistent with the United Nations definition for cultural genocide.Article 2 of the 1948 United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide defines genocide as, â€Å"any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such: killing mem bers of the group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; [and] forcibly transferring children of the group to another group† (Office of the High Commissioner). Critical Social Work, 2010 Vol. 11, No. 1 56 Alston-O’Connor Under the misguided goal of assimilation, Aboriginal children were forcibly relocated to non-Aboriginal communities. Placements with families who could not offer socialization within an Aboriginal framework of traditional knowledge and pride of heritage destroyed one of the most important intergenerational processes for cultural knowledge and continuity. Individual Suffering and the Plight of the Family Many of the legal adoptions throughout the 1960s and 1970s were unsuccessful.Alienated children became runaways, turned to street life for s upport and experienced an overwhelming sense of lost identity, â€Å"a sense of social isolation greater than that which they had experienced in the church-run schools† (York, 1990, p. 205). Anxiety and culture shock were common after moving from remote, rural areas into suburban settings to live with strangers. Many children had difficulties developing attachments to their new parents, had an inability to connect and were distrustful (York, 1990). Some adults, adopted as children, reported physical, sexual and emotional abuses. Others were even treated as domestic servants (Fournier and Crey, 1997). Children are so highly valued in Aboriginal culture that those without children are considered disadvantaged (Johnson, 1983).Research confirms that Native families who â€Å"approached child care agencies in search of help for funds to supply food and shelter ended up losing their children †¦ Often times they were only offered one option: to relinquish custody of the childà ¢â‚¬  (Kimmelman, 1985, p. 196). Problems of alcoholism, emotional stress and low selfesteem were compounded with the increased formal scrutiny and likelihood that other children would be removed from the family (Johnson, 1983). The actions of the social welfare agencies â€Å"weakened the traditional family structure, and in doing so, weakened Aboriginal society as a whole† (Johnson, 1983, p. 61). Implications for Social Work Practice Today Client Contexts The impact of the Sixties Scoop is multi-layered.Understanding the specific nature of this colonial oppression of Aboriginal peoples requires current social workers to incorporate a social justice perspective when addressing specific issues with Aboriginal clients. It provides insight into how the colonizing process has pressured people to â€Å"detach from who they are but left them with no means to alleviate the pressure† (Hart, 2007, p. 27). In our role as counselors, this framework gives us the ability to rejec t assessment tools that merely label, personalize and pathologize individual expression and relate these problems to the larger socio-political reality (Hart, 2007). We are better prepared to identify how media stereotypes and social prejudices translate into everyday life for thousands of First Nations people.As Fournier and Crey (1997) note, the current generation is suffering the effects of hundreds of years of colonialist public policies. By situating the client’s presenting problem in a societal context, we set the stage to identify strategies to offset the impoverishing effects of these social justice issues. As social workers, it is our ethical duty to look beyond individual risk factors and to change society’s foundational inequalities and constraints (CASW, 2005). One of the ways to address the power imbalance between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal culture is to incorporate Critical Social Work, 2010 Vol. 11, No. 1 57 Alston-O’Connor Indigenous knowledge .Battiste (2002) argues it can only be fully learned and understood when learned in context, taught through Indigenous teaching methods, including sharing circles, experiential learning, meditation, prayer, ceremonies and story-telling. Thus social workers must become familiar with and support traditional healing processes. Hart (2007) believes â€Å"†¦ if the helping professions respected Aboriginal perspectives, they would incorporate methodologies which directly address the effects of genocide, colonization and oppression. † (p. 31). Native Elders have been speaking about relationships between individuals, families, communities and the world around them for generations. They can serve as role models for positive growth and well being (Hart, 2007).Their wisdom and knowledge can contribute support, direction and spiritual resources to aid both individual and collective problem solving and healing. Social workers must take an active role in encouraging direct participati on in rituals and ceremonies with First Nations clients. The blessing of an event, attending a sweat lodge or going to a sharing circle establish oneness within the group and have symbolic importance. Spirituality and connecting with one’s roots play a powerful role in building a strong sense of Aboriginal identity and hope. These practices are not part of a theoretical approach designed by academics to help Indigenous Peoples.They are meaningful expressions of Aboriginal culture and need to be recognized as valid approaches within the helping process. Effective social work practice must support the self-determination of clients to choose traditional approaches and must not be limited by textbook theory or policy driven programs to resolve issues (Hart, 2007). Culturally Appropriate Practice Analysing the impacts of the Sixties Scoop is essential to changing the social realities for Aboriginal peoples today. Practicing from an anti-oppressive philosophy, our mandate includes identifying stereotyping and over generalizing. Misperceiving traditional practices can have a negative effect on the Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal working relationship.To counteract the colonial mentality of our Anglo-Canadian society, social workers must become knowledgeable about Aboriginal perspectives and how they are reflected in traditional and urban Aboriginal culture. Past personal and generational experiences are important as well as present events that will affect future generations (Hart, 2007). Social workers who work with Aboriginal clients must respect and appreciate their worldview. Openness and sensitivity to nuances related to culture, education, and ways of communicating are essential skills. Individuals must be self aware and alert to the possibility that the social workers’ own life experiences will affect the way they view this population (Levin and Herbert, 2004).Positive cultural attributes such as intergenerational strength of spirit and collective re silience are qualities to celebrate and build upon when social workers partner in the journey toward Aboriginal healing and community renewal. The cultural view of the collective is a core Aboriginal belief that affects social work practice. First Nations culture and communities place an honourable emphasis on kin and its strengths and meaning. Immediate family often includes extended family members and distant relatives. The community is seen as another extension of the family and needs to be included in any healing process. It is crucial to be aware of this collective belief and its manifestations within the community as it affects the language, the terminology and the focus used by the social Critical Social Work, 2010 Vol. 11, No. 1 58 Alston-O’Connor orker with the client and their relatives when discussing issues and communicating about programs and options. Trust issues may be a concern when working with First Nations peoples. Research findings by Levin and Herbert (20 04) identified fear and a lack of trust in health care settings due to discrimination and stigmatizing actions. They also reported that Aboriginal women, in particular, lacked trust in health care workers, be it doctors or social workers, due to the inexperience of workers, lack of communication with patients, cultural insensitivity, and absence of knowledge or understanding of Native healing practices (Levin and Herbert, 2004).Often service providers have inadequate information about the experiences of living in poverty or the needs, perspectives, cultures and traditions of First Nations clients. Mistrust has grown out of lived experiences such as the Sixties Scoop. Lack of understanding of this influencing factor creates substantial barriers to the establishment of a trust-based relationship between service providers and clients. This lack of trust has implications when trying to develop or implement community based initiatives as trust is vital to its success (Levin and Herbert, 2004). Legacy Lessons The destructive effects of the Sixties Scoop have important lessons for social workers today.Past mistakes in terms of the cultural context of First Nations children in care must not be repeated. Social workers uphold the fundamental child welfare principle that children should not be removed from their families solely on the basis of poverty. However, this core principle has not been equitably applied in provincial child welfare practices towards First Nations parents and children. The overrepresentation of First Nations children in care continues to be placed in nonAboriginal families (MacDonald and MacDonald, 2007). Caucasian families without cultural supports for Aboriginal children in their care may be unaware of how to address issues such as racism, prejudice and loss.As noted by Sinclair (2007) â€Å"†¦several studies found that a positive parental attitude towards the child’s ethnic group, as well as some form of social involvement with tha t ethnic group in the family’s life is significantly correlated with a child’s positive adjustment and positive sense of identity† (p. 70). While pride in the child’s Aboriginal heritage can be encouraged when specific cultural involvement plans are in place, many agencies and communities do not have the personnel to share these traditions and values. In some regions, cultural identity considerations have led to the development of policies that prioritize placement with extended family members or with foster care providers within the same community when children are removed from their parental home (McKenzie and Morrissette, 2003).The ongoing development of culturally appropriate child welfare services needs to include provisions for personal involvement with Aboriginal heritage languages, cultural traditions and values if apprehended children are to avoid the alienation and identity loss experienced by Aboriginal children from the Sixties Scoop. Professio nal Training It is clear that the social work profession and the Schools of Social Work have not been ‘neutral’ in the education and training that produced past social workers (MacDonald and MacDonald, 2007). Social workers’ Euro-centric assumptions sanctioned the destructive role of child welfare agencies in relationship to Aboriginal culture. The government’s assimilation goals Critical Social Work, 2010 Vol. 11, No. 1 59 Alston-O’Connor for First Nations peoples were congruent with the professional criteria for â€Å"the best interests of the child† during the Sixties Scoop.MacDonald and MacDonald (2007) note that social work education programs today play a key role within the colonizing mentality of child welfare agencies. â€Å"Through a social justice lens, the Schools of Social Work need to examine their role in the colonial processes that continue to impact on First Nations people in this country† (MacDonald and MacDonald, 2007 , p 43). Social workers can be pro-active in calling for changes in their professional faculties. It is important to consider the method in which social work students are receiving their education. Tensions and stereotypes must be discussed openly. While the Sixties Scoop may be a potential factor in many of our clients’ lives, it is also one in many of our social work students’ lives. There is a need for supports to reflect on the needs of all Aboriginal students including those who know their culture, and those who are new to their culture, as well as those who practice tradition and those who were raised within the church† (Clark, Drolet, Arnouse, Walton, Rene’ Tamburro, & Mathews, 2009, p. 305). Culturally relevant education, training and curriculum development are critical to help inform empowering approaches. The inclusion of Elders in the field education programs, incorporation of spirituality and ceremony into all classrooms and an emphasis on Abor iginal leaders facilitating these practices can provide deeper insight into the Aboriginal culture and its rich history. In addition to First Nations child welfare agencies and National First Nations organizations, the schools of Social Work need to play an active role in the development of culturally appropriate social work education (MacDonald and MacDonald, 2007).They need to ensure that Aboriginal faculty teach decolonizing practices to all social work students. Recommendations on how to make the curriculum and the Schools of Social Work more reflective of and relevant to First Nations students’ needs must be implemented. As well, social worker associations need to advocate for future social work graduates to be equipped to partner with the Aboriginal community in their work toward social justice. During the Sixties Scoop, the basic principles of intrinsic human value and the right to self-determination were erased by a government intent on cultural genocide. By forcibly reassigning First Nations children to non-Aboriginal families, kinship affiliations were obliterated.Its multi-generational legacy of grief and loss in relation to family, identity, culture, heritage and community profoundly is still being felt today. As agents of child apprehension, social workers must examine their role in this tragedy and in the colonization of Aboriginal peoples. A commitment to implementing culturally relevant social work practice with First Nations clients is essential for the profession. We have the opportunity to critically evaluate current issues and to partner with members of the Aboriginal community in identifying best practices to challenge the myriad of social, political and personal issues that resulted from the Sixties Scoop.As progressive agents for social justice, it is one of our responsibilities to create changes to ensure that Aboriginal peoples and their communities have the appropriate resources to flourish and grow. Critical Social Work, 2010 Vol. 11, No. 1 60 Alston-O’Connor References Armitage, A. (1995). Comparing the Policy of Aboriginal Assimilation: Australia, Canada and ew Zealand. Vancouver: UBC Press. Battiste, M. (2002). Indigenous knowledge and pedagogy in First ations education: A literature review with recommendations. Prepared for the National working group on education and the Minister of Indian Affairs, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC). Ottawa, ON. Retrieved March 9, 2010, from: http://www. ainc-inac. gc. ca/pr/pub/krw/ikp_e. html. CASW (2005). Social work code of ethics. Ottawa: Canadian Association of Social Workers.Clark, N. , Drolet, J. , Arnouse, M. , Rene’ Tamburro, P. , Walton, P. , & Mathews, N. (2009). â€Å"â€Å"Melq’ilwiye† Coming Together in An Intersectional Research Team – Using Narratives and Cultural Safety to Transform Aboriginal Social Work and Human Service Field Education. † Pimatisiwin: A Journal of Aboriginal and Indigenous Communit y Health 7. 2, 291-315. Retrieved March 10, 2010 from: http://www. pimatisiwin. com/online/wp-content/ uploads/2010/jan/08ClarkeDroletArnouseMathews. pdf. Cuthand, D. (2007). Askiwina: A Cree World. Regina: Couteau Books. Fournier, S. & Crey, E. (1997). Stolen From Our Embrace. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntrye. Hart, M. (2007).Seeking Mino-Pimatisiwin: An Aboriginal Approach to Helping. Halifax: Fernwood Publishing. Johnson, P. (1983). ative Children and the Child Welfare System. Toronto: Lorimer. Kimmelman, E. (1985). o Quiet Place: Final Report to the Honourable Muriel Smith, Minister of Community Services/Review Committee on Indian and Metis Adoptions/Placements. Winnipeg: Manitoba Community Services. Kulusic, T. (2005). â€Å"The Ultimate Betrayal: Claiming and Reclaiming Cultural Identity†. Atlantis, 29. 2, 23-28. Lavell-Harvard, D. M. & Lavell, J. C. (Eds. ). (2006). Until Our Hearts Are On The Ground: Aboriginal Mothering, Oppression, Resistance and Rebirth. Toronto: Deme ter Press. Levin, R. & Herbert, M. (2004). The Experience of Urban Aboriginals with Healt Care Services in Canada: Implications for Social Work Practice†. Social Work in Health Care, 39. 1, 165-179. MacDonald, N. & MacDonald, J. (2007) â€Å"Reflections of a Mi’kmaq social worker on a quarter of a century work in First Nations Child Welfare†. First Peoples Child & Family Review, 3. 1, 34-45. Critical Social Work, 2010 Vol. 11, No. 1 61 Alston-O’Connor McKenzie, B. & Morrissette, V. (2003). Social Work Practice with Canadians of Aboriginal Background: Guidelines for Respectful Social Work. Envision: The Manitoba Journal of Child Welfare, 2, 13-39. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights.Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Retrieved May 13, 2009. http://www. unhchr. ch/html/menu3/b/p_genoci. htm Sinclair, R. (2007). â€Å"Identity Lost and Found: Lessons from the Sixties Scoop†. First Peoples Child & Family R eview. 3. 1, 65-82. Titley, E. B. (1992). A arrow Vision: Duncan Campbell Scott and the Administration of Indian Affairs in Canada. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. Ward, M. (1984). The Adoption of ative Canadian Children. Cobalt: Highway Book Shop. York, G. (1990). The Dispossessed: Life and Death in ative Canada. Toronto: Little Brown. Critical Social Work, 2010 Vol. 11, No. 1

Datastream User Guide

INFOSTREAM MAY/JUNE 2008 IN THIS ISSUE GROWTH IN US CONTENT Negotiate the world’s â€Å"info-noise† with Datastream’s expansive and reliable US-focused content. NEW VALUATION RATIOS RELEASED 14 new Datastream valuation ratios have been released, giving you a detailed overview of markets and sectors as well as enabling you to compare company to industry ratios.CONTENTS FEATURES Introducing Intelligent Information from Thomson Reuters Regional Focus – Growth in US Content PRODUCT ENHANCEMENT Functions, Units and Country Datatype Enhancements New Interface for Datastream Custom User-Created Indices in Development Coming Soon – Interactive Charting 1. Datastream Extranet Samples CONTENT ENHANCEMENT Equities and Equity Indices Update †¢ Global Update †¢ USA Update †¢ Middle East Update †¢ Asia Update I/B/E/S Global Aggregates Content Enhancement – Release of Additional Monthly History for Five Asian Indices Datastream Delivers Sought-after Commodity Information from Platts Metals Expansion Coverage Economics Round-up †¢ New Series †¢ Revisions and Methodology Changes †¢ Key Indicator Changes †¢ Interest Rates New Valuation Ratios Released in March Company Additions to Worldscope CONTRIBUTORS 3 4 12 14 16 20 20 23 25 25 27 28 29 31 31 34 35 35 36 39 41 FEATURES INTRODUCING INTELLIGENT INFORMATION FROM THOMSON REUTERS THOMSON DATASTREAM IS NOW PART OF THOMSON REUTERS. With operations in 93 countries, a market capitalisation in excess of $30 billion and 50,000 employees, Thomson Reuters has the resources and experience to serve our customers in the financial, media, legal, tax and accounting, scientific and healthcare markets.We hope you will see many positive changes from Thomson Reuters, starting with our new brand. One thing we do not intend to change, however, is our commitment to speed, accuracy, independence and freedom from bias, and our commitment to our customers, employees, shar eholders and other stakeholders. We aim to deliver on our promise to bring you intelligent information that provides knowledge to act. REGIONAL FOCUS – GROWTH IN US CONTENT AMERICA’S DATA OBESITY PROBLEM: SOLUTION – GO ON A DATASTREAM DIETNegotiate the world’s â€Å"info-noise† with Thomson Datastream’s expansive and reliable US-focused content. The US investment management industry is estimated to be worth over $30 trillion*. To support this financial leviathan, there is data in abundance available through a host of sources, including the Internet and any number of financial solutions, reports and delivery vehicles, so much so that the result for the end-user is a cacophony of â€Å"infonoise†.The author Neal Stephenson wrote that, â€Å"All information looks like noise until you break the code. † With Thomson Datastream, the US asset management industry has the ultimate code breaker. A modern-day Enigma machine. Thomson Datas tream, although international in its scope, allows unparalleled access to a landscape of historically deep, cross-asset and US-focused data, which is being continually expanded to address client needs and market developments.Sourced from such trusted third-party suppliers as Frank Russell, The Conference Board, MSCI and The University of Michigan Consumer Surveys, to name but a few, this US-orientated data can be placed alongside Thomson Datastream’s robust time series content (100 million series, including exclusive proprietary content) to better understand the performance of the US markets and construct investment strategies accordingly.INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008  © THOMSON REUTERS 2008  Current market conditions are forcing the US investment community to work harder to â€Å"crack the code† and generate alpha. Thomson Datastream is the â€Å"codec† that allows them to achieve this, with the continual addition of North American-focused content. Recent addition s in Q1 2008 include Platts commodity pricing (see page 29) and increased coverage of US Corporate and Sovereign bonds.The Platts database is now available as a pass-through content set, and this market-leading data provides a vital insight for commodity-oriented investors in the USA, giving granular detail on the energy markets, allowing analysts of the energy sector, risk managers, commodity traders, asset managers and anyone wishing to diversify into commodities, the ability to view this valuable data, overlay the information against other factors and manipulate it within Thomson Datastream’s powerful charting and analytical capabilities. Furthermore, the recent addition of 14,000 US bonds significantly increasesUS fixed-income coverage to 43,000 securities for Government, Agency and Corporate bond issues. Within the economic sphere, Thomson Datastream allows access to crucial US-oriented sources to enable the investment management industry to analyse macro factors. For ex ample, US House prices, always a â€Å"hot topic†, are under even more scrutiny when placed within the current subprime context and wider economic conditions. Sources including the National Association of Realtors (NAR), the Mortgage Bankers Association and the S&P Case-Shiller indicators all give greater visibility into US economic health and direction.The chart below uses Shiller state-level data and compares house sales by major US cities. We can see that only in Charlotte, North Carolina, have house sales remained positive year on year, in 2007 albeit at a low 1. 75% level. The continuing crisis, and in particular the example of Bear Stearns, has highlighted the importance of having comprehensive cross-asset coverage available to the asset manager, with credit default swaps often cited. The CDS market is worth approximately $47 trillion and is demanding constant attention. Thomson Datastream carries a range of US-oriented CDS content, including aluable benchmarks for the USA such as the CDX. This index comprises the most liquid CDS contracts of US-based companies and acts as an indicator of the credit markets. The chart below shows clear negative correlation between the CDX index (North American swaps for investment-grade bonds) and the S&P Composite. INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008  © THOMSON REUTERS 2008  These, and other CDX indices, measure debt-related derivatives, such as high-yield swaps, and enable US-focused asset managers to hedge their entire portfolios rather than trade each individual CDS per bond issue.Sir Arthur Conan Doyle once had Sherlock Holmes remark that, â€Å"It is a capital mistake to theorise before one has data. † Recently launched proprietary global CDS sector indices and the US-orientated suite, exclusive to Thomson Datastream, allow for greater tactical asset allocations across a portfolio, since the CDS market often captures market information faster than the equity markets. On the inclusion of this content, one Direc tor of Research at a US asset management firm commented, â€Å"The CDS indices are a great innovation. Can you provide us with the full global range? No-one else has this data. † Elementary my dear financial markets!The following example compares the US CDS banking sector against two US interest rate futures indicators. This analysis illustrates that the movement in the US Banking CDS sector anticipated the credit crisis by a little under two weeks, and shows the strong correlations (nine and ten-day lag against the sector respectively) that the futures have, compared to the sector. INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008  © THOMSON REUTERS 2008  Other recently added proprietary Thomson Datastream content that lends itself to greater investigation and analysis of the US markets is the M&A series constructed from Thomson data.This content, overlaid against the CDS indices, can help give a clearer indication of the overall health of the M&A activity in the USA. With the credit crisis in Aug ust 2007, the number of completed deals that followed in September dropped and the spread in the CDX index correspondingly fell, as traders felt the deal market drying up. That relationship has broken down during the first quarter of 2008, which may be due to other economic factors. INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008  © THOMSON REUTERS 2008  Thomson Datastream’s US-focused content is continually expanding.Across all asset classes, data is being added to ensure that the solution fits the high demands of the North American market, be it through the addition of macroeconomic indicators from such sources as S&P Case-Shiller, or through the display and access of quarterly fundamentals. And this investment is ongoing with soon-to-beadded US option coverage for the USA (S&P 500 and the Nasdaq) and Canada. Access to timely, comprehensive and accurate data is ever more important in a world where decisions have to be made fast.Thomson Datastream’s deep US coverage, across multiple asset classes, allows the US financial industry to cut through the â€Å"infonoise†, access vital must-have information and manipulate it with flexible analytical tools. In these current uncertain times, Thomson Datastream’s blend of reliable, multiple-asset, US content enables investors to make better, more-informed decisions and help avoid the pitfalls best summed up by an old Chinese proverb, which states, â€Å"To guess is cheap. To guess wrongly is expensive. † *Thomson Sharewatch. Based on the AUM from more than 4,000 US companies. INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008 THOMSON REUTERS 2008  PRODUCT ENHANCEMENT FUNCTIONS, UNITS AND COUNTRY DATATYPE ENHANCEMENTS The padding (PAD) function has been enhanced to enable values for missing intermediate data points to be derived via linear interpolation, so any missing (N/A) values within the time series will be calculated by linearly interpolating between the actual data values on either side. The format to use linear interpolatio n is PAD#(Expression, I). Example: To display the FTSE100 price high (PH) from December 2007 to January 2008 – there are N/A values for Christmas and New Year when the market is closed.Using the existing PAD function (without the I parameter) the N/A values are replaced by carrying forward the last actual value for the previous period. Whereas using the PAD function with the I parameter (last column below), the N/A values are replaced by values calculated by interpolating between the data either side, thereby producing a more uniform series. Code 20/12/2007 21/12/2007 24/12/2007 25/12/2007 26/12/2007 27/12/2007 28/12/2007 31/12/2007 01/01/2008 02/01/2008 03/01/2008 04/01/2008 07/01/2008 FTSE100(PH) 6367. 7 6451. 8 6485. 6 #N/A #N/A 6504. 1 6494 6480. #N/A 6512. 3 6487. 8 6534. 7 6376. 5 PAD#(FTSE100(PH)) 6367. 7 6451. 8 6485. 6 6485. 6 6485. 6 6504. 1 6494 6480. 2 6480. 2 6512. 3 6487. 8 6534. 7 6376. 5 PAD#(FTSE100(PH),I) 6367. 7 6451. 8 6485. 6 6491. 77 6497. 93 6504. 1 649 4 6480. 2 6496. 25 6512. 3 6487. 8 6534. 7 6376. 5 The continuous series (CSR) function has been enhanced, specifically for economic series, to allow quarterly series to be displayed at a monthly frequency using linear interpolated values, with a similar enhancement for annual series to be displayed at a quarterly or monthly frequency.The format to display interpolated values is CSR#(Series,M) or CSR#(Series,Q). Example: To display two quarterly series at a monthly frequency – United States GDP in real terms and the Eurozone 15 countries’ GDP in real terms. The actual quarterly data is: Code 15/05/2006 15/08/2006 15/11/2006 15/02/2007 15/05/2007 15/08/2007 15/11/2007 USGDP†¦D 11306. 7 11336. 7 11395. 5 11412. 6 11520. 1 11658. 9 11677. 1 EKGDP†¦D 1859. 84 1870. 18 1884. 62 1899. 5 1904. 74 1919. 03 1926. 38 Here, the US series is in billions of dollars at an annual rate, the Eurozone series is in billions of euros but not annualised.As the table below illustr ates, the CSR function without the M parameter simply repeats the quarterly value for each month of the quarter, but with the M parameter the data is presented in a more uniform way by interpolating between the quarterly numbers. For the United States series, the mid-quarter value of the monthly series is the same as the original quarterly series, whereas for the Eurozone series the mid-quarter value of the monthly series is one third of the original series. This is due to Eurozone GDP not being annualised, so the monthly numbers in the final column below represent the â€Å"best† estimate of actual GDP in that month.Code 15/07/2006 15/08/2006 15/09/2006 15/10/2006 15/11/2006 15/12/2006 15/01/2007 15/02/2007 15/03/2007 15/04/2007 15/05/2007 15/06/2007 15/07/2007 15/08/2007 15/09/2007 15/10/2007 15/11/2007 CSR#(USGDP†¦D) 11336. 7 11336. 7 11336. 7 11395. 5 11395. 5 11395. 5 11412. 6 11412. 6 11412. 6 11520. 1 11520. 1 11520. 1 11658. 9 11658. 9 11658. 9 11677. 1 11677. 1 CSR#(USGDP†¦D,M) CSR#(EKGDP†¦D) 11326. 7 11336. 7 11356. 3 11375. 9 11395. 5 11401. 2 11406. 9 11412. 6 11448. 4 11484. 3 11520. 1 11566. 4 11612. 6 11658. 9 11665 11671 11677. 1 1870. 18 1870. 18 1870. 18 1884. 62 1884. 2 1884. 62 1899. 5 1899. 5 1899. 5 1904. 74 1904. 74 1904. 74 1919. 03 1919. 03 1919. 03 1926. 38 1926. 38 CSR#(EKGDP†¦D,M) 622. 24 623. 39 625 626. 6 628. 21 629. 86 631. 52 633. 17 633. 75 634. 33 634. 91 636. 5 638. 09 639. 68 640. 49 641. 31 642. 13 The rules for calculating these values are as follows (these are dictated by the frequency conversion datatype (ECONV)): †¢ If ECONV = AVERAGE (example USGDP†¦D) – the actual quarterly number is placed in the mid-month of the quarter, and the intervening two months are linearly interpolated between the adjacent midquarter numbers. If ECONV = END POINT (example US64MGTLA – mortgage debt of the US financial sector), the actual quarterly number is placed in the last month of the qu arter, and then the intervening two months are linearly interpolated. †¢ If ECONV = SUM (example EKGDP†¦D), one third of the quarterly number is placed in the mid-month of each quarter, and the intervening two months are linearly interpolated between the mid-quarter numbers. INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008  © THOMSON REUTERS 2008 0 Annual series can be similarly represented at either a monthly or quarterly frequency using CSR#(series,M) or CSR#(series,Q). This new function allows a closer analysis of quarterly series on a monthly basis. For example if we correlate European Union total GDP (EXGDP†¦D) against United States GDP (USGDP†¦D), over the last ten years using a range of monthly lags, we find that the highest correlation, of 0. 99707, is with an 11-month lag of the US series.Note: These new parameters will be fully supported in a later version of the Advance interface – but can be used now either directly in AFO, or in the expression builder (where the mes sage that the parameter is unknown can be ignored). The economics magnitude (ESMAG) datatype, which displays the magnitude of the data as a number, eg 1000 for thousand, 1000000 for million, etc, has been enhanced so that it is now supported in Datastream expressions.This is useful for displaying a set of economic series data in the same units. In the example below, the total exports of visible goods for a selection of countries are displayed in millions of dollars for the year 2007 total. This is achieved by using the calendar year sum function CYS, converting all series to dollars using the tilde, multiplying by ESMAG and dividing by 1,000,000. In the analysis below the top three countries are (in order) Germany, China and United States.EXPORTS IN CURRENT PRICES TYPE AGEXPGDSA AUEXPGDSA CNEXPGDSB CHEXPGDSA FREXPGDSB BDEXPGDSB HKEXPGDSA INEXPGDSA IDEXPGDSA IREXPGDSA ITEXPGDSB JPEXPGDSB KOEXPGDSA MYEXPGDSA MXEXPGDSA NLEXPGDSA NZEXPGDSA NWEXPGDSA RSEXPGDSA SPEXPGDSA SAEXPGDSA ESEXPGD SA SDEXPGDSB SWEXPGDSA TWEXPGDSA THEXPGDSA UKEXPGDSA USEXPGDSB ESUNT US $ MILLION AUST $ MILLION CAN $ MILLION 100 MLN US$ EURO MILLIONS EURO BILLIONS HONG KONG MN$ IND RUPEE BLN US $ MILLION EURO THOUSANDS EURO MILLIONS YEN BILLION US $ MILLION RINGGIT MLN US $ MILLION EURO MILLIONS NZ$ MLN NRWGN KR MLN US $ MILLION SINGAPORE $’000 RAND MILLION EURO THOUSANDS SWEDISH KR MLN SWISS FRANC MLN TAIWAN $ MLN US $ MILLION ?MILLION US $ MILLION GEOGN ARGENTINA AUSTRALIA CANADA CHINA FRANCE GERMANY HONG KONG INDIA INDONESIA IRELAND ITALY JAPAN KOREA MALAYSIA MEXICO NETHERLANDS NEW ZEALAND NORWAY RUSSIAN FEDERATION SINGAPORE SOUTH AFRICA SPAIN SWEDEN SWITZERLAND TAIWAN THAILAND UNITED KINGDOM UNITED STATES X(ESMAG) 1000000 1000000 1000000 100000000 1000000 1000000000 1000000 1000000000 1000000 1000 1000000 1000000000 1000000 1000000 1000000 1000000 1000000 1000000 1000000 1000 1000000 1000 1000000 1000000 1000000 1000000 1000000 1000000 ESMAG EXPORTS-MILLIONS OF DOLLARS YEAR 200 CYS# (X~U$*XESMAG/1000)/1000 55933. 98 140975. 1 417035. 5 1217869 551328. 3 1330984 344676. 1 145260. 2 113953. 7 121504 491841 713111. 3 371489 176038. 3 272044 476323. 3 26946. 69 139232. 8 355176. 7 298876. 9 69661. 69 248555. 9 169700. 5 171465. 5 246181. 4 152480 436985. 3 1163314 INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008  © THOMSON REUTERS 2008 11Two new Country datatypes (GGISO and GGISN) have been introduced on Datastream: GGISO ISO Country Code GGISN ISIN Issuer Country The following table illustrates some examples: NAME ASM PACIFIC TECH C C LAND HOLDINGS CARNIVAL EADS (PAR) FRONTLINE GARMIN INVESCO MILLICOM INTL CELU SDB NWS HOLDINGS PARTNERRE PARTYGAMING QIAGEN (XET) RENAISSANCERE HDG ROYAL CARIBBEAN CRUISES ROYAL DUTCH SHELL A(LON) MNEM K:ASMP K:QPAK U:CCL F:EADS N:FRON @GRMN U:IVZ W:MICB K:PAPO U:PRE PRTY D:QIAX U:RNR U:RCL RDSA GEOGN HONG KONG HONG KONG UNITED STATES FRANCE NORWAY UNITED STATES UNITED STATES LUXEMBOURG HONG KONG UNITED STATES UNITED KINGDOM GERMANY UNITED STATES UNITED ST ATES NETHERLANDS GGISO HK HK US FR NO US US LU HK US GB DE US US NL GGISN KY BM PA NL BM KY BM SE BM BM GI NL BM LR GBNEW INTERFACE FOR DATASTREAM CUSTOM USER-CREATED INDICES IN DEVELOPMENT Datastream has provided facilities for creating your own custom indices for a number of years, through an integrated interface in Advance and Advance for Office (AFO) and a more comprehensive terminal interface. These indices are used extensively for evaluating different investment strategies and for use as portfolio benchmarks. We currently have in development a new Advance/AFO interface, offering a range of exciting features. These include support for an extended set of weighting methods (in addition to the current market value weighting method) – such as equal weighting, local currency, free float and using your own weights (as either a factor or a number of shares). INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008  © THOMSON REUTERS 2008 12 Index creation interface currently in developmentThe new interface w ill also facilitate the building and configuration of indices with more complex changes to their history, so in addition to supporting the importing of a set of constituents for a single point in time (either to use for the full index history, or to use going forward), these facilities will allow changes to constituents and weights at different dates to be imported directly from Excel – enabling an Excel range containing the complete history of constituent changes, reflecting either an investment strategy or specific stock selection, to be easily set up on Datastream. Equally, for indices already set up, the constituent history can be exported to Excel, and any changes made before being imported back to Datastream.We are also working on extending the set of datatypes that can be calculated for indices beyond the current list (price index, return index, market value, dividend yield and price earnings) – this will include the 15 new valuation measures that have recently been introduced for equities and Datastream equity indices. These include key measures such as sales, profits, debt, and a set of ratios such as return on equity and profit margin. Finally, in addition to supporting equities, the new interface will also support using other indices, and unit trusts as constituents. So, for example, you will be able to create a market value weighted index using thirdparty indices, Datastream indices or other custom user-created indices as their constituents. Further information will be made available via the Datastream Extranet when this new interface becomes available. INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008  © THOMSON REUTERS 2008 13 COMING SOON – INTERACTIVE CHARTING 1. 6The next release of Interactive Charting will be available soon to all users of Datastream Advance . 0 and will allow users to save their own user-created â€Å"styles† for charts. Preferences for fonts, colours, chart background and line styles can be defined, stored as a style a nd then applied to any chart in the user’s library. In addition, it will now be possible to set up custom colours and store these as part of your style. Set text style for your chart title, subtitle and legend: Set colour, thickness and style of the chart lines: Custom colours can also be defined: INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008  © THOMSON REUTERS 2008 1 Save the settings with a name of your choice: INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008  © THOMSON REUTERS 2008 1 DATASTREAM EXTRANET SAMPLESThe Datastream Samples page on the Extranet is a valuable source of content and functionality-related AFO tearsheets, that highlight the breadth and depth of content within the Datastream mainframe. Over the last few months, more models have been added, making access to existing and new content sets even easier. Some of the new sheets are detailed below, visit the Extranet site at: http://extranet. datastream. com/Free_Reports/AFO_SAMPLES. htm and look for the icon for more. Indices – Worldscope Inde x Valuations This new model displays a unique set of valuation datatypes for Datastream Global Equity Indices. Sourced from Worldscope and based on a trailing 12-month period if applicable, the datatypes include such popular items as EBITDA, Enterprise Value and CAPEX. INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008  © THOMSON REUTERS 2008 1Economics – Recession Bands Using the academic, two quarters of successive negative QOQ GDP growth, calculation of recession, this model allows users to select a country and overlay one of several pre-defined series such as Consumer Spending, Industrial Production and Unemployment rate figures. The chart period can be customised and a user-defined overlay series can also be utilised. INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008  © THOMSON REUTERS 2008 1 Options – Implied Volatility Surface Using Datastream’s extensive Options database, this model plots the implied volatility as a function of both the strike price and time to maturity. The resulting graph shows the implied volatility for all the options on a particular underlying series. INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008  © THOMSON REUTERS 2008 1Equities – Key Performance Indicators from Worldscope Effective 15 November 2007, Thomson Financial added Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for the Hotel, Airline and Retail sectors. Initially for the Russell 3000 Index constituents, this model displays the current indicators for all qualifying constituents. INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008  © THOMSON REUTERS 2008 19 CONTENT ENHANCEMENT EQUITIES AND EQUITY INDICES UPDATE This month sees the release of additional valuation datatypes for the Russell indices. Changes to the way S&P constituent data is provided are effective from 1 June 2008 and customers are advised to read this carefully and take action if required. New Shariah indices are also available from S&P and FTSE.Read on for all the details. Global Update S&P Constituent Data – End-User Agreement Now Required for Access to Constituent-Level Dat a With effect from 1 June 2008, there is a change to the way constituent data for a number of S&P constituent families is provided on a number of Thomson products, such as Datastream, DDL, Datastream Advance in T1IM. From 1 June 2008, customers wishing to continue to access constituent datatypes such as constituent weights, number of shares and free-float data are required to have a direct end-user agreement with S&P. For each index family impacted by this change, a new module is available that provides access to the restricted datatypes.The names and identifiers of each security within each constituent list are not impacted by these changes and will remain unrestricted. This change is a result of S&P no longer licensing constituent-level index data for wholesale distribution through vendors to their clients. New modules created for each of the following index families impacted by this change: S&P US indices This includes the S&P 500, S&P MidCap 400, S&P SmallCap 600, S&P Composite 1500, S&P 1000, S&P 900, S&P 100, S&P REIT Composite, S&P Citigroup Style and all underlying sector, industry and style indices. S&P Australia This includes the S&P/ASX 50, S&P/ASX 100, S&P/ASX 200, S&P/ASX 300 and All Ordinaries Indices and all underlying sector, industry and style indices.S&P Global 1200 This includes the S&P Global 1200, S&P Europe 350, S&P/Topix 150, S&P/TSX60, S&P Asia 50 and S&P Latin America 40 and all underlying sector and industry indices. S&P/MIB This includes the S&P/MIB index. S&P/HKEx This includes the S&P/HKEx Hong Kong indices including the S&P/HKEx Composite index. S&P/Japan This includes the S&P Topix 150 index. Restricted Constituent List Datatypes From 1 June 200, the following datatypes are available only in the new modules. The restrictions also apply to these constituent datatypes provided for S&P historical constituent lists. Please note that not all datatypes are available or valid for all the S&P index families detailed above.A more detaile d list, along with all the constituent list mnemonics, is provided on the Datastream Extranet. The names and identifiers of each security within each constituent list are not impacted by these changes and remain unrestricted. DATATYPE WTIDX PIDX NSIDX FFIDX MVIDX CFIDX AFIDX CLS1 CLS1N CLS2 CLS2N CLS3 CLS3N CLS4 CLS4N DESCRIPTION CONSTITUENT WEIGHT PRICE OF EACH CONSTITUENT IN THE INDEX NUMBER OF SHARES INCLUDED IN THE INDEX FREE-FLOAT FACTOR OF EACH CONSTITUENT IN THE INDEX MARKET VALUE OF EACH CONSTITUENT IN THE INDEX CAPPING FACTOR ADJUSTMENT FACTOR GICS SECTOR CODE GICS SECTOR NAME GICS INDUSTRY GROUP CODE GICS INDUSTRY GROUP NAME GICS INDUSTRY CODE GICS INDUSTRY NAME GICS SUB-INDUSTRY CODE GICS SUB-INDUSTRY NAMEACTION REQUIRED In order to minimise the impact of these changes, it is advisable that you review as soon as possible if you wish to continue to access the above constituent list datatypes. If you do, you should contact S&P to discuss this or complete the form in the att ached notification and send it to S&P: http://extranet. datastream. com/data/Equity%20indices/ If you wish to discuss this directly with S&P, please contact one of the following: Americas: Maureen O’Shea EMEA: John Davies Asia: Angeline Choo ANZ: Guy Maguire Japan: Uchi Seiichiro Shariah Indices maureen_o’[email  protected] com +212 438 6174 [email  protected] com +44 (0)20 7176 8456 [email  protected] com +65 6239 6318 [email  protected] com +61 292 559 822 [email  protected] com +813 4550 8568 INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008  © THOMSON REUTERS 2008 21 A number of new Shariah indices are now available on Datastream. S&P Pan-Asia Shariah index The stocks for this index are drawn from the Asian country indices in the S&P/Citigroup Global Equity Index series, excluding Australia, Japan and New Zealand. Stocks for the universe must have at least US$ 1 billion in float-adjusted market capitalisation. The number of stocks, for Shariah screening purposes, is limited to t he top 15 from each country that exceeds the US$1 billion market capitalisation threshold.Each month a universe of stocks conforming to these criteria, selected once a year on 31 March, is screened for Shariah compliance to form this index. The countries eligible for inclusion in this index are China, Hong Kong, India, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan and Thailand. S&P Global and World Property Shariah index The S&P/Citigroup Global Property index represents and measures the investable universe of publicly traded property companies from developed and emerging markets. The constituents are companies engaged in a wide range of real estate related activities, such as property management, development, rental and investment.The component REIT stocks, in particular, include property trusts that invest in physical real estate assets and other pass-through vehicles. The S&P/Citigroup World Property Index is a subset of the Global Property Index and includes companies fr om the developed markets only. Each month a universe of stocks conforming to these criteria, selected once a year on 31 March, is screened for Shariah compliance to form these indices. INDEX NAME S&P PAN-ASIA SHARIAH $ S&P PAN-ASIA SHARIAH E S&P WORLD PROPERTY SHARIAH $ S&P WORLD PROPERTY SHARIAH E S&P GLOBAL PROPERTY SHARIAH $ S&P GLOBAL PROPERTY SHARIAH E MNEMONIC SPSHPA$ SPSHPAE SPWPRS$ SPWPRSE SPGPRS$ SPGPRSEDATATYPE PI, RI, NR, MV PI, RI, NR, MV PI, RI, NR, MV PI, RI, NR, MV PI, RI, NR, MV PI, RI, NR, MV START DATE 29/12/06 29/12/06 29/12/06 29/12/06 29/12/06 29/12/06 INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008  © THOMSON REUTERS 2008 22 FTSE Shariah Japan 100 $ index FTSE extended its FTSE Shariah Global Equity index family on 3 March 2008 with the release of the FTSE Shariah Japan 100 $ index. This index represents the performance of the 100 biggest Shariah-compliant companies by full market capitalisation, that are included in FTSE Japan index. The index is calculated in USD and history is av ailable from 3 March 2008. The index mnemonic is FSJP10$. Further information can be found on: http://www. ftse. om/Indices/FTSE_Shariah_Global_Equity_Index_Series/ Downloads/FTSE_Shariah_Japan_100_USD_Valuation. pdf USA Update Russell – Additional Datatypes for Benchmark Indices Thomson Reuters has released new datatypes for the Russell Benchmark indices. The new datatypes include price to book value (BP), price to cash flow (PC), price to sales (PS), return on equity (RE) and return on assets (AR), and complement the existing coverage of price earnings ratio (PE), dividend yield (DY) and market value (MY) for the same indices. Customers who have access to the existing Russell Standard or Russell Premier pass-through modules will be able to access the new datatypes. Click on this link for more details: http://extranet. datastream. om/data/Equity%20indices/documents/Russellreleasemessagev2. doc The valuation ratios are updated at approximately 09:00 GMT on every sixth busines s day of the following month. INDEX DESCRIPTION RUSSELL TOP 50 RUSSELL TOP 200 RUSSELL TOP 200 GROWTH RUSSELL TOP 200 VALUE RUSSELL 1000 RUSSELL 1000 GROWTH RUSSELL 1000 VALUE RUSSELL 2000 RUSSELL 2000 GROWTH RUSSELL 2000 VALUE RUSSELL 2500 INDEX MNEMONIC RRUST50 RRUS200 RRUS20G RRUS20V RRUSS1L RRUS1GR RRUS1VA RRUSS2L RRUS2GR RRUS2VA RRUS250 DATATYPES PS, RE, BP, AR PC PS, RE, BP, AR PC PS, RE, BP, AR PC PS, RE, BP, AR PC PS, RE, BP, AR PC PS, RE, BP, AR PC PS, RE, BP, AR PC PS, RE, BP, AR PC PS, RE, BP, AR PC PS, RE, BP, AR PC PS, RE, BP, AR PCBASE DATE 30/01/1998 31/01/2002 29/12/1978 31/01/2002 31/03/1986 31/01/2002 31/03/1986 31/01/2002 29/12/1978 31/01/2002 29/12/1978 31/01/2002 29/12/1978 31/01/2002 29/12/1978 31/01/2002 29/12/1978 31/01/2002 29/12/1978 31/01/2002 29/12/1978 31/01/2002 INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008  © THOMSON REUTERS 2008 23 RUSSELL 2500 GROWTH RUSSELL 2500 VALUE RUSSELL 3000 RUSSELL 3000 GROWTH RUSSELL 3000 VALUE RUSSELL 3000E RUSSELL 3000E GROWTH RUSSELL 3000E V ALUE RUSSELL SMALL CAP COMPLETENESS RUSSELL SMALL CAP COMPLETENESS GROWTH RUSSELL SMALL CAP COMPLETENESS VALUE RUSSELL MIDCAP RUSSELL MIDCAP GROWTH RUSSELL MIDCAP VALUE RUSSELL MICROCAP RUSSELL MICROCAP GROWTH RUSSELL MICROCAP VALUE RRUS25G RRUS25V RRUSS3L RRUS3GR RRUS3VA RR3000E RR30GRE RR30VAE RRS3XSD RRS3GXD RRS3VXD RRUSMID RRUSMIG RRUSMIV RRUSMIC RRUSMGR RRUSMVAPS, RE, BP, AR PC PS, RE, BP, AR PC PS, RE, BP, AR PC PS, RE, BP, AR PC PS, RE, BP, AR PC PS, RE, BP, AR PC PS, RE, BP, AR PC PS, RE, BP, AR PC PS, RE, BP, AR PC PS, RE, BP, AR PC PS, RE, BP, AR PC PS, RE, BP, AR PC PS, RE, BP, AR PC PS, RE, BP, AR PC PS, RE, BP, AR PC PS, RE, BP, AR PC PS, RE, BP, AR PC 31/03/1986 31/01/2002 31/03/1986 31/01/2002 29/12/1978 31/01/2002 30/03/1979 31/01/2002 30/03/1979 31/01/2002 30/06/2005 30/06/2005 30/06/2006 30/06/2006 30/06/2006 30/06/2006 31/12/1979 31/01/2002 31/12/1979 31/01/2002 31/12/1979 31/01/2002 29/12/1978 31/01/2002 31/03/1986 31/01/2002 31/03/1986 31/01/2002 30/06/2005 30/0 6/2005 30/06/2006 30/06/2006 30/06/2006 30/06/2006Global Property Research Two new indices from Global Property Research are now available on Datastream. History is available from 28 March 2008. INDEX NAME GPR 250 PSI CHINA GPR 250 PSI CHINA E GPR 250 PSI CHINA $ GPR 250 REIT CHINA GPR 250 REIT CHINA E GPR 250 REIT CHINA $ MNEMONIC GPR2CHL GPR2CHE GPR2CH$ GPRRCHL GPRRCHE GPRRCH$ DATATYPE PI, RI, MV, DY, NE PI, RI, MV, DY, NE PI, RI, MV, DY, NE PI, RI, MV, DY, NE PI, RI, MV, DY, NE PI, RI, MV, DY, NE INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008  © THOMSON REUTERS 2008 2 Middle East Update Jordan – Additional Equity Datatypes Thomson Reuters has released additional Jordan unadjusted price datatypes on Datastream from 18 March 2008.The additional equity datatypes are: †¢ Unadjusted price ask (UPA) †¢ Unadjusted price bid (UPB) †¢ Unadjusted price high (UPH) †¢ Unadjusted price low (UPL) †¢ Unadjusted price open (UPO) †¢ Unadjusted trade volume (UVO) The Jordan stocks currently covered on Datastream can be found in the list FJORD. The prices are updated at approximately 12:30 GMT. Asia Update Thailand – Additional Datatypes Market value (MV) is now available for all Thailand Stock Exchange indices. History is available from 25 December 2007. In addition to the MV data, other datatypes are also now available for the Thai Industry Group Indices – these are: PE, BP, DY, MV, VO and VA. History is available from 25 December 2007.Thailand Benchmark and Sector Indices INDEX NAME BANGKOK SET BANGKOK SET 50 BANGKOK SET 100 THAILAND MAI THAILAND SE AGRIBUSINESS THAILAND SE FOOD AND BEVERAGE THAILAND SE FASHION THAILAND SE HOME & OFFICE PRODUCTS THAILAND SE PERSONAL PRODUCTS & PHARMACEUTICALS THAILAND SE BANKING THAILAND SE FINANCE AND SECURITIES THAILAND SE INSURANCE THAILAND SE AUTOMOTIVE THAILAND SE INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS & MACHINERY THAILAND SE PACKAGING THAILAND SE PAPER & PRINTING MATERIALS THAILAND SE PETROCHEMICALS & CHEMICALS THAILAND SE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS THAILAND SE PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT THAILAND SE ENERGY & UTILITIES THAILAND SE MINING THAILAND SE COMMERCE THAILAND SE HEALTH CARE SERVICES THAILAND SE MEDIA & PUBLISHING THAILAND SE PROFESSIONAL SERVICES THAILAND SE TOURISM & LEISURE THAILAND SE TRANSPORTATION & LOGISTICS THAILAND SE ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS THAILAND SE INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY MNEMONIC BNGKSET BNGKS50 BNGK100 BNGKMAI BNGKAGR BNGKFDI BNGKFHN BNGKHHG BNGKPPH BNGKBNK BNGKFIN BNGKINS BNGKAUT BNGKIMM BNGKPAK BNGKPPM BNGKPET BNGKCTR BNGKPDV BNGKENG BNGKMIN BNGKCOM BNGKHCS BNGKENR BNGKPFS BNGKHOT BNGKTLO BNGKELC BNGKCMM DATATYPE MV MV MV MV MV MV MV MV MV MV MV MV MV MV MV MV MV MV MV MV MV MV MV MV MV MV MV MV MV INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008  © THOMSON REUTERS 2008 2 Thailand Industry Group IndicesINDEX NAME THAILAND SE AGRO & FOOD INDUSTRY THAILAND SE CONSUMER PRODUCTS THAILAND SE FINANCIALS THAILAND SE INDUSTRIALS THAILAND SE PROPERTY & CONSTRUCTION THAILAND SE RESOURCES THAILAND SE SER VICES THAILAND SE TECHNOLOGY MNEMONIC BNGKAGF BNGKCON BNGKFNI BNGKIND BNGKPRO BNGKRES BNGKSER BNGKTEK DATATYPE PE, BP, DY, MV, VO, VA PE, BP, DY, MV, VO, VA PE, BP, DY, MV, VO, VA PE, BP, DY, MV, VO, VA PE, BP, DY, MV, VO, VA PE, BP, DY, MV, VO, VA PE, BP, DY, MV, VO, VA PE, BP, DY, MV, VO, VA INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008  © THOMSON REUTERS 2008 2 I/B/E/S GLOBAL AGGREGATES CONTENT ENHANCEMENT – RELEASE OF ADDITIONAL MONTHLY HISTORY FOR FIVE ASIAN INDICES Thomson Reuters has released additional monthly history for five major indices in Asia to I/B/E/S Global Aggregates.Previously going back only one year, monthly history for these indices now goes as far back as January 2005, with weekly history back to January 2006 – providing even more value-added content. The five series are: COUNTRY TAIWAN TAIWAN TAIWAN MALAYSIA MALAYSIA IGA INDEX NAME TAIWAN SE WEIGHTED TAIEX TSEC TAIWAN 50 TSEC TAIWAN MIDCAP 100 KUALA LUMPUR COMPOSITE INDEX (KLCI) KUALA LUMPUR SE EMAS IGA IDENTIFIER TAIEX TSEC50 TSECMID KLCI KLEMAS DATASTREAM MNEMONIC @:TAIEX @:TASEC5 @:TAMID1 @:MYKLCI @:MYEMAS This additional history was made available with the March 2008 monthly run. For further information or assistance, please contact content. [email  protected] com or your local Thomson Datastream customer service or account team. INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008  © THOMSON REUTERS 2008 2DATASTREAM DELIVERS SOUGHT-AFTER COMMODITY INFORMATION FROM PLATTS Market watchers know that commodities are now in their fifth year of a bull run, with many hitting their all-time high price over the last year or so and drawing the attention of hedge funds, investment houses and others looking to increase their portfolio weightings in this asset class. Now Thomson Datastream clients can access end-of-day commodity price assessments by way of the industry-leading Platts Dispatch product, to help them reduce risk as they make key trading decisions, value positions and analyse data. †¢ Platts, a division o f McGraw-Hill, provides industry-standard commodity price assessments that are critical elements used to settle short- and long-term OTC contracts worldwide. Renowned for their energy commodity coverage, Platts pricings help industry specialists understand commodity price trends and developments. Available on a pass-through basis, Platts Dispatch over Thomson Datastream delivers end-of-day price assessments, third-party data, and an historical database of more than 25,000 commodity time series, many with several decades of data. †¢ Platts commodities data spans: oil and shipping; petrochemicals; metals; electricity and gas; coal and emissions; data via American Petroleum Institute Statistics; and Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts’ prices. †¢ Overall, the content is available through 129 data categories, which can be chosen individually or grouped into packages, and may contain one or more of the following data attributes: high, low, bid, ask, mid-price, close and volume.Frequency of series ranges from daily, weekly, monthly or infrequently – priced when an event occurs. †¢ Clients subscribing to Platts content through Thomson Datastream will be able to use its existing functionality and integrate this content with other available leading Thomson Datastream content sets. All clients must maintain a direct agreement, which must be in place with Platts prior to the client being entitled to its data. More information on the data and how clients can obtain an agreement for it can be found on: http://extranet. datastream. com/data/Commodities/Index. htm INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008  © THOMSON REUTERS 2008 2 METALS EXPANSION COVERAGEThomson Reuters has expanded Datastream’s metal coverage with an additional 00 new time series, covering Asian metal spot prices with a distinct focus on the Chinese market and the inclusion of steel price indices and other steel-related products. Customers can now access CRU Steel price ind ices for semi-finished and finished carbon steel products, known to be the most widely used benchmarks in the world steel industry. Complementing these indices are SteelHome’s China Steel price indices. In additional to steel indices, Chinese metal prices from local steelmakers with the following characteristics are now available: †¢ Stainless steel †¢ Coke/coal †¢ Iron ore †¢ Pig iron/scrap †¢ Wire rod/rebar †¢ Medium plates †¢ CR/HR †¢ Section †¢ Ferro-alloy/non-ferrous INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008  © THOMSON REUTERS 2008 29Further expansion with a focus on Asian metal prices is now available for the following categories: †¢ Base metals †¢ Minor metals †¢ Rare earths †¢ Ferro-alloys †¢ Refractories †¢ Iron and steel Chinese Base Metals Comparison INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008  © THOMSON REUTERS 2008 30 ECONOMICS ROUND-UP New Series More than 3,000 series have recently been added to the Economics database, w ith particular emphasis on more detail in key coverage areas such as international trade. Some of the highlights are summarised below, with links given to the relevant Content Updates on the Datastream Extranet, where more information and series listings are available. Trade Detail for Turkey More than 300 commodity trade series are now available for Turkey, as sourced from the Turkish Statistical Institute.Import and export coverage is given by three different classification schemes: Broad Economic Categories, International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) and Standard International Trade Classification (SITC). Also added were trade by country series. All data is monthly, most with start dates from January 1996. (See Content Updates #2780, 2791, 2794 and 2819. ) Trade detail has also been recently added for France and Brazil. See the table below. Confidence Surveys for Indonesia Series from the Bank of Indonesia’s surveys on business and consumer expectations have b een released on Thomson Datastream. The new data includes information about business conditions during the current quarter, as well as expectations for the following quarter, by industry. Concepts covered are business activities, selling prices and usage of labour. 2772) The consumer survey is headlined with three indices – Consumer Confidence Index (CCI), Current Economic Condition Index (CECI) and the Consumer Expectation Index (CEI). Also available are price expectations of major commodities in three and six months’ time, consumption plans and appraisal of economic conditions. (2769) In the News †¢ US Housing House purchase price indices, produced by the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (OFHEO), are now available. Data is reported for the US total and nine Census divisions on a quarterly basis. (2824) †¢ Energy in China Series detailing consumption of energy fuels and electricity by industry have been added.The statistics are annual, as repor ted by National Bureau of Statistics of China (NBS). (2775) The table overleaf itemises the new data releases that have been made over the last two months. The table provides access links to the original Content Update announcements on the Research Extranet, where more information is given, including series lists – just click on the description in the first column, which is a hyperlink. Also provided are Navigator citations and links – referring to locations in Thomson Datastream Navigator, Explorer for Economics, where the relevant series are shown. INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008  © THOMSON REUTERS 2008 31 New Series by Region # Series Content Navigator Location Added Update #See Explorer for Economics> National Sources 129 6 7 18 7 16 5 15 54 40 2867 2880 2847 2837 2833 2835 2853 2879 2796 2824 Brazil > External Sector > Imports and Exports > Trade by Commodity Brazil > External Sector > International Reserves Brazil > Money and Finance > Money Supply Chile > Key Indicato rs Chile > External Sector > External Investment & Debt Chile > Government Sector > Government Surplus/Deficit Chile > External Sector > International Reserves Colombia > Industry Sector > Housing and Construction Detail United States > Money & Finance > Banking (MFIs) > FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile United States > Industry Sector > Housing & Construction Detail > OFHEO House Price Index AmericasBrazilian External Trade by Commodity Brazilian International Reserve Assets Brazilian Money Supply Components Chilean Consumer Credit and Bank Lending Chilean External Debt Chilean Government Accounts Chilean Official Reserves Colombian Housing Construction by Cities US FDIC Quarterly Banking Profile US OFHEO Purchase-Only House Price Indices Asia Chinese Energy Series Indonesian Business Survey series Indonesian Consumer Confidence Survey Indonesian Retail Sales Survey series Japanese Lease Series 73 104 83 16 15 2775 2772 2769 2774 2844 See Explorer for Economics > National Sources Chin a > Industry Sector > Other Industry detail > Energy Indonesia > Surveys & Cyclical Indexes > Business Surveys Indonesia > Surveys & Cyclical Indexes > Consumer Surveys Indonesia > Surveys & Cyclical Indexes > Retail Sales Survey Japan – Premium Service > Industry Sector > Other Industry Detail > Machinery & Equipment > Equipment Leasing & PurchasesJapanese Motor Vehicle Imports Japanese Treasury Funds Receipts & Payments Balances with the Private Sector Malaysian Bank Lending Malaysian Foreign Reserves Malaysian Manufacturing Sales Value New Zealand Manufacturing Survey series Thailand Non-Performing Loans 11 29 2763 2770 Japan – Premium Service > Industry Sector > Automobiles & Transport Detail > Vehicle Imports Japan – Premium Service > Government Sector > Treasury Funds Balance of Receipts & Payments with the Private Sector 25 6 1 48 16 2825 2797 2839 2785 2832 Malaysia > Money & Finance > Banking (MFIs) Malaysia > Money & Finance > International Reserves > Monthly series Malaysia > Industry Sector> Industrial Production > Manufacturing Production and Sales New Zealand > Industry Sector > Sales, Orders, Inventories Thailand > Money & Finance > Banking (MFIs) > Non-Performing Loans EuropeAustria Producer Price Index Austrian Labour Market Austrian Wholesale, Retail Trade and Services Bulgarian National Accounts Danish Gross Fixed Capital Formation Finnish Gross Fixed Capital Formation – Construction French External Trade Statistics by Commodity & Area Netherlands Government Sector series Netherlands Seasonally Adjusted Quarterly Industrial Production Series Portuguese Employment and Industrial Sales Turnover Portuguese Government Revenue and Expenditure Romanian Consumer Price Index Romanian Wages and Earnings Slovak National Accounts Spanish International Reserves United Kingdom Detailed Index of Production 63 23 14 315 49 6 165 2873 2802 2852 2779 2789 2877 2857 35 39 90 8 12 20 298 35 12 2812 2868 2850 2859 2818 2826 2861 2810 2790See Explorer for Economics > National Sources Austria > Prices > Producer Prices Austria > Labour Market > Employment & Hours Austria > Industry Sector > Sales, Orders, Inventories > Retail Sales and other lists Bulgaria > National Accounts > GDP by industry Denmark > National Accounts > Investment/Capital Formation various lists Finland > National Accounts > Investment/Capital Formation France > External Sector > Imports & Exports > Trade by Commodity various lists Netherlands > Government Sector Netherlands > Industry Sector > Industrial Production & Utilisation > Production Indices SA Portugal > Labour Market > Employment & Hours and Wages & Earnings Portugal > Industry Sector > Sales, Orders, Inventories Portugal > Government Sector > Government Surplus/Deficit Romania > Prices > Consumer Prices Romania > Labour Market > Wages & Earnings Slovakia > National Accounts > GDP by Expenditure Spain > External Sector > International Reserves United Kingdom > Industry Sector > Indu strial Production & Utilisation > Main Indicators > Seasonally Adjusted and Not Seasonally Adjusted INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008  © THOMSON REUTERS 2008 32 New Series by Region # Series Content Navigator Location Added Update #See Explorer for Economics > International Sources – History 230 2754 European Commission > Business and Consumer Surveys various lists Eurozone European Commission Aggregate Series for Eurozone 15 #5 – Business & Consumer Surveys ECB Aggregate Series for Eurozone 15 #6 – Prices and Labour Market ECB Aggregate Series for Eurozone 15 #7 – Retail Sales 10 2855 15 2845 European Central Bank > ECB Monthly Bulletin > Prices, Output, Demand and Labour Markets > Labour Market and HICP, Other Prices and Costs European Central Bank > ECB Monthly Bulletin > Prices, Output, Demand and Labour Markets > Output and Demand Middle East & AfricaEgyptian Foreign Direct Investment by Area Egyptian Remittances Israel Wages and Employee Posts Israeli Natio nal Accounts South Africa Energy Statistics Turkish Foreign Trade by Commodity (Broad Economic Categories) Turkish Foreign Trade by Commodity (ISIC Classification) Turkish Foreign Trade by Commodity (SITC) Turkish Foreign Trade by Country 77 152 45 2791 2794 2819 31 21 99 198 10 42 2860 2838 2764 2752 2854 2780 See Explorer for Economics > National Sources Egypt > External Sector > External Investment & Debt Egypt > Labour Market > Wages and Earnings Israel > Labour Market > Employment & Hours and Wages & Warnings Israel > National Accounts > GDP by Expenditure South Africa > Industry Sector > Other Industry Detail Turkey > External Sector > Imports & Exports > Trade by Commodity > Imports and ExportsTurkey > External Sector > Imports & Exports > Trade by Commodity > Imports and Exports Turkey > External Sector > Imports & Exports > Trade by Commodity > Imports and Exports Turkey > External Sector > Imports & Exports > Trade by Country International OECD Main Economic Indicators â⠂¬â€œ February 2008 24 2768 See Explorer for Economics > International Sources – History OECD Main Economic Indicators > Indicators for OECD Zones and Indicators for OECD NonMember Countries various lists OECD Main Economic Indicators – March 2008 8 2834 OECD Main Economic Indicators > Indicators for OECD Member Countries and Indicators for OECD Non-Member Countries various lists INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008  © THOMSON REUTERS 2008 33Revisions and Methodology Changes It has been a busy period, with revisions to US seasonally adjusted data and index rebasings in a number of markets. Other more substantive changes have been made to balance of payments and the trade-weighted exchange rate for Euroland, household interest rates for the UK, Flow of Funds and Household Economy Survey for Japan, and unemployment statistics for Denmark. The following table summarises the revisions that have taken place in the last two months. Please refer to the Content Update itself (hyperlinked from the table) for further information and mnemonics of affected series. Country Revised Data Content Update # Changes to Economic SeriesAustralia Austria Denmark Euroland Israel Italy Japan Australian Construction Work Done Revised Australian Labour Force Survey Revised Austrian Wages Rebased Danish Unemployment Methodology Changed ECB Effective Exchange Rates Redefined Eurozone Monthly Balance of Payments Changed Israeli Wages and Employment Data Revised Italian External Trade Index Rebased Japan Electronic Equipment Market Size and Demand Forecasts Changed Japan Flow of Funds Accounts Series Methodology Changed Rebased Japanese Household Economy Survey Partly Discontinued Japan Real & Nominal Effective Exchange Rates Redefined Philippines South Korea Philippine Industrial Production Indices Rebased Philippine Producer Price Indices Rebased South Korean Business Indicator Composite Indices Rebased South Korean Housing Purchase Price Index Rebased South Korean Industrial Producti on Rebased South Korean Manufacturing Production Rebased & Changed South Korean Retail Sales Rebased South Korean Service Industry Index Rebased Sweden Taiwan Thailand Turkey UK USA Swedish Retail Sales Index Rebased Taiwanese Price Indices Rebased Thai External Trade & Terms of Trade Index Rebased Turkish National Accounts Rebased UK Bank of England Household Interest Rates Changed US Industrial Production & Capacity Utilization Revised US Seasonally Adjusted Consumer Price Indices Revised US Seasonally Adjusted Existing Home Sales Revised US Seasonally Adjusted Pending Home Sales Revised US Seasonally Adjusted Producer Price Indices Revised US Seasonally Adjusted Unemployment Insurance Claims Revised US Wholesale Trade: Sales and Inventories Revised 2792 2848 2827 2842 2760 2820 2759 2858 2849 2869 2878 2846 2757 2876 2821 2805 2799 2811 2813 2809 2806 2800 2767 2828 2836 2864 2882 2762 2784 2804 2781 2871 2872 INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008  © THOMSON REUTERS 2008 3 Key Indicator Cha nges The Economics team continues to review Key Indicator selections for each market, in order to add more, ensure the best selection and bring more consistency across countries. See below for recent additions and hyperlinks to relevant Content Updates, where more information is given. Key Indicator ChangeAustria Consumer Credit Added Austria International Reserves Selection Changed Austria Producer Prices Selection Changed Chilean Consumer Credit and Bank Lending Added Israeli Employment and Wages Selection Changed Polish Producer Price Index Resourced Romanian Producer Price Index Now on Fixed Base Swedish Business Confidence Indicators Selection Changed Thai Bank Loans Series Added Mnemonics OECRDCONA OERESERVA OEPROPRCF CLCRDCONA & CLBANKLPA POPROPRCF RMPROPRCF SDCNFBUSR & SDCNFBUSQ THBNKLONA Content Update # 2822 2807 2843 2837 2766 2793 2798 2773 ISWAGES. E, ISWAGMANF & ISEMPALLG 2758 Interest Rates Repo Rates for Thailand Four bilateral repurchase rates, as released by the Ba nk of Thailand, are now available. The series are weighted average rates with 1, 7, 14 and 30-day terms.The Bilateral Repurchase Operation is conducted through appointed Bilateral Primary Dealers and helps in stimulating the private repurchase market. Repurchase transactions are used by the bank to temporarily add or drain reserves available in the banking system. Mnemonics are as follows: Description THAILAND BILATERAL REPO RATE 1 DAY THAILAND BILATERAL REPO RATE 7 DAY THAILAND BILATERAL REPO RATE 14 DAY THAILAND BILATERAL REPO RATE 30 DAY DS Mnemonic THBRP1D THBRP7D THBRP2W THBRP1M Datatype IR IR IR IR INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008  © THOMSON REUTERS 2008 3 NEW VALUATION RATIOS RELEASED IN MARCH March saw the release of 1 new valuation ratios on Thomson Datastream.These ratios are calculated on the equity level as well as the industry, sector, country and regional levels of the Datastream Indices, and allow a great number of data comparisons to highlight trends which previously woul d have needed compilation of data before use. In brief, these ratios are based on the Worldscope database items and using wherever possible the latest interim data on a 12-month trailing basis. The full methodology is described in the following link on the Extranet: http://extranet. datastream. com/data/Equities/documents/DatastreamGlobalEquityIndicesvaluationdatatypes-rulesvs4final. pdf INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008  © THOMSON REUTERS 2008 3 So what can we do with these ratios?You can compare a company to its industry, locally and regionally, as is illustrated here using Return on Equity. About Martek Biosciences Corporation Founded in 1985, the group’s principal activity is to develop, manufacture and sell naturally produced products derived from micro-algae, fungi and other microbes. The group’s products and services include speciality, nutritional oils for infant formula, nutritional supplements and food ingredients to promote mental and cardiovascular health, fluores cent markers for diagnostics, rapid miniaturised screening and gene and protein detection. Its ROE is compared here with the US Food & the World Food industries.You can also †¦make sector comparisons across different regions of the world using the regional-level aggregates Here we have compared the Capital Expenditure of the Pharmaceutical industry in various regions: Europe, USA, Far East and World. Capital expenditure for USA and Europe represents almost 90% of the capex spent in that industry worldwide, and it’s interesting to see how the drop in US relative capex has been totally mirrored by an increase in Europe’s importance in this domain. INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008  © THOMSON REUTERS 2008 3 †¦or look at a particular sector in a different light, using here the Interest coverage ratio to illustrate the Turkish Telecom Sector and its ability to repay debt Interest charge coverage, also called interest coverage ratio, is defined by EBIT divided by the inte rest expense for each period.It indicates the ability of the company (or in this case the sector) to repay its debt using the income generated by the business. Levels above 3 are considered having a strong ability to repay debt, while businesses whose ratio drops below 1. 5 (red line on the chart) are considered risky. It’s interesting to show how the sector market index started picking up once the interest coverage ratio moved above 3 towards the end of 2004. This is also when the sector was open to competition. New licences were granted to 16 suppliers of data transmission services in fixed telephony. Further steps towards liberalisation and breaking up of the monopoly were taken in 2005/06 by the sale of Turk Telekom.Vodafone repurchased Telsim, the second largest mobile phone operator. The Turkish telecommunications network continued to grow, currently ranked the 13th largest market in the world and fifth in Europe. INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008  © THOMSON REUTERS 2008 3 COM PANY ADDITIONS TO WORLDSCOPE During February and March over 00 companies were added to the Worldscope Database. These additions included 112 US Companies and a continuing expansion of coverage of Middle Eastern markets. Also, Nigeria was added to our country coverage. Worldscope’s total coverage at 8th April 2008 consisted of 56,448 companies, 36,508 of which were active companies. 10,172 of these companies are Limited data set companies (8,064 active).COUNTRY ARGENTINA AUSTRALIA AUSTRIA BAHRAIN BELGIUM BERMUDA BRAZIL CANADA CAYMAN ISLANDS CHILE CHINA COLOMBIA CZECH REPUBLIC DENMARK EGYPT ESTONIA FINLAND FRANCE GERMANY GREECE HONG KONG HUNGARY ICELAND INDIA INDONESIA IRELAND ISRAEL ITALY JAPAN JORDAN KOREA (SOUTH) KUWAIT LITHUANIA LUXEMBOURG MALAYSIA MEXICO MOROCCO NETHERLANDS TOTAL 0 FEB 200 113 2490 203 35 286 82 602 2524 28 261 1903 54 82 330 59 7 238 1657 1550 401 1168 46 19 2102 401 158 225 525 4816 30 1154 87 3 68 1208 227 26 408 COMPANIES ADDED FEB-MAR 200 5 25 1 5 5 1 2 15 2 3 50 0 1 0 3 0 0 13 4 0 4 5 0 26 8 0 2 6 37 5 17 9 0 0 4 2 0 1 ACTIVE  APR 200 86 1912 105 40 148 76 386 1598 22 218 1895 35 20 170 55 7 138 866 1052 288 1022 29 17 2023 359 79 186 295 3971 35 974 96 3 46 1002 132 24 212 INACTIVE  APR 200 32 603 99 0 143 7 218 941 8 46 58 19 63 160 7 0 100 804 502 113 150 22 2 105 50 79 41 236 882 0 197 0 0 22 210 97 2 197 TOTAL  APR 200 118 2515 204 40 291 83 604 2539 30 264 1953 54 83 330 62 7 238 1670 1554 401 1172 51 19 2128 409 158 227 531 4853 35 1171 96 3 68 1212 229 26 409 INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008  © THOMSON REUTERS 2008 39NEW ZEALAND NIGERIA NORWAY PAKISTAN PERU PHILIPPINES POLAND PORTUGAL QATAR RUSSIAN FEDERATION SAUDI ARABIA SINGAPORE SLOVAKIA SLOVENIA SOUTH AFRICA SPAIN SRI LANKA SWEDEN SWITZERLAND TAIWAN THAILAND TURKEY UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNITED KINGDOM UNITED STATES VENEZUELA VIRGIN ISLANDS (BRITISH ZIMBABWE OVERALL TOTALS 202 0 409 152 103 263 263 144 35 123 55 772 25 11 843 316 34 607 437 1685 639 263 36 4563 181 92 50 13 30 1 3 5 5 2 13 2 21 1 1 33 24 9 0 1 20 5 2 6 1 35 5 0 13 23 112 0 0 4 0 114 5 193 130 86 241 246 60 36 141 79 647 10 12 370 150 32 330 275 1500 535 230 48 2298 9039 35 12 32 30 91 0 221 24 30 24 38 85 0 15 0 134 15 0 493 171 4 283 163 220 109 33 1 2288 9265 15 1 2 1990 205 5 414 154 116 265 284 145 36 156 79 781 25 12 863 321 36 613 438 1720 644 263 49 4586 18304 50 13 34  INFOSTREAM MAY/JUN 2008  © THOMSON REUTERS 2008 0 CONTRIBUTORS PRODUCT MANAGEMENT PAUL BACON DATAFEEDS paul. [email  protected] com +44 (0)20 7324 6873 JULIAN RICKARDS DATASTREAM ADVANCE, DSWINDOWS, DSDDE julian. [email  protected] com +44 (0)20 7336 1944 CASEY PEARCE DATASTREAM INTERACTIVE CHARTING casey. [email  protected] com +44 (0)20 7324 9359 IAN BROCKLEHURST THOMSON ONE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS ian. [email  protected] com +44 (0)20 7324 8890 DAVID BERNARD THOMSON ONE INVESTMENT BANKING SOLUTIONS david. [email  protected] com +44 (0)20 7336 1930 STEVE KELLY THOMSON EXTEL SURVEYS steve. [email  protected] com +44 (0)20 7324 9200 CONTENT MANAGEMENTNICOLAS DE LAURENS CASTELET GLOBAL CONTENT SOLUTIONS nicolas. [email  protected] com +44 (0)20 7336 1950 STEPHEN CARTER COMPANY ACCOUNTS stephen. [email  protected] com +44 (0)29 2063 1943 ANNE SIEBER EQUITIES, EQUITY INDICES, FUNDS & 3RD-PARTY DATA anne. [email  protected] com +44 (0)20 7324 9741 JAMES BRIGHT I/B/E/S GLOBAL AGGREGATES ESTIMATES DATA james. [email  protected] com +44 (0)20 7324 9600 NELSON SALSINHA DERIVATIVES & COMMODITIES nelson. [email  protected] com +44 (0)20 7324 9455 MADELEINE DISARIO ECONOMICS madeleine. [email  protected] com +1 301 545 4255 TONY MCCORMACK FIXED INCOME tony. [email  protected] com +44 (0)20 7014 1232